Chromatography of Commercial Analgesics - 878 Words

Chromatography of Commercial Analgesics Using the thin layer chromatography the major components of a commercial analgesic tablet will be indentified and purified. The active ingredients of the analgesic used were characterized by comparison with chromatograms of aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, mefanemic acid, and caffeine through the use of UV chromatography then the Rf value was calculated for each solvent. INTRODUCTION In this experiment, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) will be used to determine the composition of various analgesics. Chromatography is a technique used to separate and identify individual components in a mixture. Chromatographic techniques make use of the fact that components of a mixture tend to move at†¦show more content†¦This experiment aims to indentify and characterize the major components of commercial analgesic tablets which in this case the assigned tablet was Ibuprofen Alaxan. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY I. Preparing the TLC plates Cut a 5x10 TLC plastic sheet. six mark spots must be placed so that the solvents will be placed properly later on through the capillary, this marks must be 1cm apart and 1cm from the bottom edge of the TLC sheet. II. Preparing the Sample The sample analgesic was triturated with 2ml methanoltoluene it was then decanted and transferred into a vial. The standards that were used were already prepared, the aspirin, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, mefanemic acid, and caffeine. III. Sample Application Using a capillary tube, one end was dipped in the sample solution to allow the solution to enter by capillary action. On one end, using the index finger block the top-end of the capillary, lightly and then quickly spot it to the mark on the TLC plastic sheet. Using new capillary tubes, repeat the same process for the other spots for all. IV. Sample Developing The TLC plate was carefully placed inside a beaker containing ethylacetate-methan ol-aceticacid andShow MoreRelatedChromatography of Commercial Analgesics1861 Words   |  8 PagesChromatographic Analysis of a Commercial Analgesic’s Active Component I. Abstract This study on Chromatographic Analysis of a Commercial Analgesic’s Active Component seeks to separate, identify, quantify and analyze the active component found in Biogesic ®, which may be useful for public awareness despite its wide acceptance and availability in the market. Furthermore, this study applies thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique since it is the simplest, cheapest yet most effective approach in termsRead MoreParacetamol For Fight Fever And Pain927 Words   |  4 Pagescurrently due to its antipyretic and analgesic properties. The aim of the experiment is the production of paracetamol by formation of an amide bound between the amine group of p-aminophenol and the carbonyl group of acetic anhydride. Furthermore, drugs used in humans must pass Quality Control (QC) and Quality Assurance (QA) in order to ensure the purity of the substance. In the current experiment, methods such as melting point range analysis, Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and NMR spectrome try will beRead MoreEffects Of Anatomical Parts Of Ephedra Sinica1978 Words   |  8 Pages(Mahuanggen) of different plant samples. It was concluded that the pharmacologically important ephedrine alkaloids were present in higher quantities in the stems. This is why Ephedra herb, sold as dry stems of Ephedra sinica, has been used as a commercial source of ephedrine alkaloids worldwide, in particular Europe and America (Lee 2011). Ephedrine is a ÃŽ ²-phenylethylamine widely used as a sympathomimetic in herbal preparations. The structure of ephedrine possesses two chiral carbonsRead MorePansit Pansitan Research5452 Words   |  22 Pagesan active ingredient, will be more efficient and less expensive than the commercial hand soaps. Statement of the Problem 1. Can Pansit- pansitan liquid hand soap be as good as the commercial liquid hand soap in terms of: 2.1 total mean zone of inhibition? 2.2 reactivity rating? 2.3 inhibitory activity rating? 2. Is there a significant difference between Pansit-pansitan liquid hand soap and commercial liquid hand soap in terms of total mean zone of inhibition? 3. Is thereRead MoreHemp Cultivation in China42289 Words   |  170 Pagesthat, due its extremely low THC content, the THC content of the oil sent by the firm can only be determined by thin-layer chromatography or gas chromatography after special preparation. Since hemp seed oil and oils prepared from seeds not cleaned of leaf debris and tunics were found to have a cannabinoid content demonstrable by thin layer chromatography and gas chromatography (CBD was also identified), while oil prepared from seeds purified from the tepal (tunic) had none, it can be concluded thatRead MorePharmaeutical Industry Training Report with Deep Description of Different Area in Ibn Sina Pharmaceutical Industry Ltd.14426 Words   |  58 Pages | Introduction In Plant training is an opportunity to experience the industrial environment. This training is the bridge between the theoretical and practical in other words between institution and commercial organization. Industrial training in a pharmaceutical company completes the theoretical knowledge that we have studied for last four years. It is our pleasure to take the training in a well reputed company The IBN Sina Pharmaceutical

Airline Industry Delta Airlines - 1599 Words

Though Delta Airlines which is my choice of Airline does not operate solely as cargo carrier but as both passengers and Cargo carrier. Usually people ask where the difference between passengers and cargo carrier lies and the difference is simply the schedule and types of aircrafts used in each operation. For cargo only freighters there is no need for windows, seats and other comforts usually expected by customers. But operating a combined passenger/cargo aircraft, most basic requirements must be met when it comes to customer’s comfort and that is where Delta Airlines falls in this category. Introduction: Delta Air Lines’ long history of service actually began in agriculture, when the company was founded in 1924 as the world’s first aerial crop dusting organization called Huff Daland Dusters. In fact, if the boll weevil had not marched out of Mexico prior to the turn of this century to devastate the cotton fields of the South, there might not have been a Delta Air Lines. When the weevil’s relentless destruction reached the Mississippi Valley, such a serious economic threat faced the South that the Bureau of Entomology operated a laboratory in Tallulah, Louisiana, as the base for an intensified cotton insect investigation. Directing the activities at the laboratory was Dr. B. R. Extension Department of Coad, assisted by a young district agent with the Louisiana State University, C. E. Woolman. Woolman, an agricultural engineering graduate ofShow MoreRelatedDelta and The Future of The Airline Industry Essay2563 Words   |  11 PagesIV. The Future of the Airline Industry The Airline Industry is in an interesting situation. Simply adding a low cost alternative is not enough in the industry. The Internet has made the power of buyers grow with the transparency of ticket prices. This is not something that will change any time soon. Because of this profitability is predominately reserved for low-cost yet distinctive carriers. No consumer wants to ride what they consider a â€Å"lesser† airline. Airlines need a way to distinguish themselvesRead MoreDelta Airline s Company And Industry Analysis913 Words   |  4 PagesDELTA Airlines This paper covers an overview of Delta Airline’s company and industry analysis. The company analysis involves an assessment of Delta’s mission statement, strategies, and market and financial performance. On the other hand, industry analysis covers industry attractiveness, future prospects and firm-level comparisons. Company Analysis Mission. The guiding principle for Delta Airlines existence in the industry is embodied in the following statement – We—Delta s employees, customersRead MoreCompeting Through Alliances in the Airline Industry: the Air France- Klm/Delta Air Lines Joint Venture1266 Words   |  6 Pagesalliances in the airline industry: The AIR FRANCE- KLM/DELTA AIR LINES JOINT VENTURE In less than twenty years, the global industry has gone through tremendous change. Several airlines had gone out of business that had been on top of the industry for years. One of the remarkable changes had been airline alliances. The case focuses on the airline industry and how airlines are forming alliances and joint ventures. It then introduces the partner firms Air France KLM , and Delta . Air France KLM hadRead MoreCharacteristics Of An Airline Industry1071 Words   |  5 PagesDelta Inc. - Characteristics of An Industry â€Å"Delta Air Lines is one of the world s largest airline carriers in the world. Through its regional carriers, the company serves about 330 destinations in about 60 countries, and it operates a mainline fleet of 800-plus aircraft, as well as maintenance, repair, overhaul, and cargo operations† (Hoover’s Inc., 2017). When analyzing the airline industry, it is important to look at the dominant economic features of that industry. The air line industry is considerablyRead MoreCase Study : Delta And Virgin Airlines Essay1528 Words   |  7 Pagescase study of Delta Airlines which was suffering like all its competitors with rising fuel costs which averaged anywhere between 30 to 50 percent of its total operating costs. This paper will answer six questions which will help identify what the company did to handle the high cost of fuel. The questions that I will answer will include the following. 1. What drives the basic economies of the airline industry? The refining industry? 2. How is Delta different from other airlines? 3. How wouldRead MoreDiagnosing The Change : Managing Organizational Change Essay1413 Words   |  6 Pagesto the organizational performance. For my research project, both airlines Delta and United Airlines have environmental factors that have affected their performance. Jet Fuel prices have driven up the operational cost of both companies. Internal factor such as unions and employee issues have impacted the both the airliner’s performance and have also impacted the top line and bottom line of these two merged companies. Both airlines have had to make some tough decisions in terms of downsizing employeesRead MoreThe Success Of Delta Team896 Words   |  4 Pages Constant innovation is the key to Delta’s success. Delta realizes they compete in an industry where profit margins are small and the end product is essentially the same. Because of this, they believe that constant innovation and improvements to operations is the key for success. Delta has built a bu siness around characteristic that other airlines don’t offer and have capitalized on the areas where other airlines need improvements. As they move forward, they will continue to bring innovativeRead MoreDelta Airlines : Effect Of Regulation1748 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract Delta was founded on May 30, 1924, and was known as Huff Daland Dusters. This airline was mainly used to dust crops and get rid of unwanted insects. A decade later Collet E. Woolman bought the company and renamed it to Delta Air Services. The company performed their first passenger flight on June 17, 1929, and it began to grow rapidly due to acquiring of smaller airlines and the addition of routes (History of Delta Air Lines, 2017). This paper explores how different regulations affectedRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Delta Air Lines1583 Words   |  7 PagesDescriptors - Billy Yoo Delta Air Lines is a provider of scheduled air transportation for passengers and cargo, whose route network is centered around a system of hub, international gateway and key airports that gather and distribute traffic, and supported by a fleet of aircraft that is varied in size and capabilities. The company’s network includes international joint ventures, marketing alliances with foreign airlines, loyalty memberships and agreements with regional carriers. Delta was started as aRead MoreSkywest1539 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction SkyWest Airlines (SkyWest) was a rare breed in the ultra-competitive regional airline industry. As the overall airline industry suffered through terrorist attacks, rising fuel costs, and increased competition, SkyWest was able to grow its business and sustain profitability. The aforementioned events that impacted the airline industry had a severe effect on the structure of the industry as a whole. Several major airlines were in the process of emerging from bankruptcy while mergers

Violence and The Views of Malcolm X - 928 Words

â€Å"Peace cannot be achieved through violence, it can only be attained through understanding†. One of my favorite quotes by Ralph Waldo Emerson, the leading figure in the transcendentalism. Going by what the quote states, one can ask what role does violence even play in life? More specifically what role did it play in the Civil Rights struggle in the South? It’s evident that violence’s purpose in the struggle wasn’t for peace but for something else. Well that’s what it was for Malcolm X, a center figure in the Civil Rights struggle. For Malcolm X, violence was more of a response that anything else. It was a form of self-defense that he could no longer avoid. For Martin Luther King Jr. another center figure just like Malcolm X, violence was something else. For him violence was unnecessary. Violence in the Civil Rights struggle was inevitable for some not only because the segregationist whites were using such methods to assault the black people as w ell as their homes, but also at that time nonviolence was just another philosophy that some did and others didn’t. Even so violence did play an important role in this movement. Not the violence used by the blacks but instead the methods of violence used by the whites. Malcom X wasn’t necessarily for violence. He wanted freedom and equality over all else just as any other Civil Rights leader. He believed that self-defense, the protection of one’s person and or property though the use of physical force, was the only form of violenceShow MoreRelatedRhetoric Of Malcolm X865 Words   |  4 Pagesof The Autobiography of Malcolm X: As Told to Alex Haley, Malcolm X describes his recent return from his pilgrimage to the Holy City, Mecca. Throughout this passage, Malcolm X discusses claims made against him by the white press over violence and revolution during the long, hot summer of 1964. X is blamed for causing many of the riots and uprisings that occur during this summer because of his outspoken nature and views on the principle of â€Å"justice at all costs.† Malcolm X refutes these false claimsRead MoreThe Montgomery Boycott And Martin Luther King And The Civil Rights Movement1019 Words   |  5 Pagesoppression and race-inspired violence and laws, such as the Jim Crow Laws. After African-Americans obtained their end of slavery and earned their citizenship, Jim Crow Laws were placed, adding the â€Å"Separate but equal† which separated Africans to whites in public places, such as schools. In the year of 1954, the Supreme Court abolished the statement, â€Å"Separate but equal† as it was unconstitutional. Many people were still against the abolishment and acted toward violence. On the other hand, African-AmericansRead MoreMartin Luther King J. And Malcolm X Essay1103 Words   |  5 PagesLuther King Jr. and Malcolm X. They were both influential leaders of the civil rights movement who strove for a common goal, which w as to create equality for African Americans. Although Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were both authoritative figures in the African-American civil rights movement, they differed significantly in their social backgrounds, religious beliefs, and ideologies, which affected their philosophies. The differences in Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X’s family backgroundsRead MoreMalcolm X vs. Martin Luther King Jr.1723 Words   |  7 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X it was the black community that needed to rise up in hopes of achieving equal rights and voting rights for the blacks. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were two of the most prominent leaders and orators at the heart of the Civil Rights Movement. Although both leaders possessed the same objectives, their outlooks and perspectives differed immensely. The main primary difference focused on their willingness to employ violence to achieve their end goalsRead MoreMalcolm X Vs. Martin Luther King Jr. Essay1717 Words   |  7 PagesMartin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X it was the black community that needed to rise up in hopes of achieving equal rights and voting rights for the blacks. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X were two of the most prominent leaders and orators at the heart of the Civil Rights Movement. Although both leaders possessed the same objectives, their outlooks and perspectives differed immensely. The main primary difference focused on their willingness to employ violence to achieve their end goalsRead MoreEssay Malcom X and Non-violence1008 Words   |  5 PagesMy life has always been one of changes (436). Malcolm X, throughout his life, was one of the most influential, and quite possibly the most effective, civil rights activists of the twentieth century. His radical ideas and views were widely sought after from the oppressed African-American population in the 1950s and 60s. The changes he underwent throughout his life affected his views of a racist America and inspired him to lead a dedicated life preaching, what he thought to be, the only methodRead More Differences Between Martin Luther King and Malcolm X Essays1146 Words   |  5 Pagestowards the white run American society in which they lived. Malcolm X, James Baldwin, Martin Luther King, and Stokely Carmichael all blamed the whites for the racism which existed. However, they agreed that it was up to the black society to end this problem. Using the black society, each of the authors had their own idea of how racism could be stopped. Unfortunately, for some, such as Malcolm X, this involved the use of violence, while others, such as King, favored the non-violent approachRead MoreThe Differing Methods And Aims Of Malcolm X And Martin Luther King602 Words   |  3 PagesThe Differing Methods And Aims Of Malcolm X And Martin Luther King The methods of Malcolm X and martin Luther King were very different but they shared the same basic aim, to improve the lives of black Americans. Possibly these differences in both aims and methods comes from the differences in the way they were raised, Malcolm X was born Marcus Little in Omah, Nebr. Malcolm Xs father was a follower of Marcus Garvey (Garvey believed that Black Americans should go back to Read MoreMartin Luther King vs. Malcolm X Essay825 Words   |  4 PagesTwo of the greatest know civil rights speakers in the United States was Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm x. Both of these men had two very different views on what they thought would be the best way for blacks to get equality. Martin Luther King Jr. believed in his main philosophy which was non violent resistance. Martin used the teachings from Ghandi to teach African Americans how to use non violent resistance as a way to earn equality. He also believed that blacks should try to find commonRead MoreFighting is not always the right way to go, and you should pick and choose your battles because,600 Words   |  3 Pagesare not going to win every fight, and there is always going to be someone bigger and better than you, but Malcolm X proved that sometimes it is ok fighting for what you believe is right. He fought for what he believed in , and that was full freedom and equal rights for African Americans. Malcolm X went from humiliation to admiration for fighting for what he believed was right to him. Malcolm X sacrificed his life for the most worthy cause of the 20th Century because he fought for equal rights African

Stroz Friedberg Harvard Case Study - 1164 Words

Margarita Correal Stroz Friedberg Harvard Case Study Where they are: Stroz Friedberg based their business model around the talent. â€Å"When we find a talented person in a particular location, we set up a new office there.† This was a very successful strategy as a start up firm. Ride on big names from the industry until creating a reputation of their own, but as they grew their issues became more obvious. Profit came from consulting and e-discovery services with a 30/70 revenue. The market started to shift toward e-discovery and with the acquisition of Docuity SF created an ambitious new profit target of $72 million, 50% from consulting and 50% from e-discovery. This economic goal set a clear path towards e-discovery and larger role of examiners in the organization. However since the start of their success Stroz Friedberg had a problem with its organizational structure. Like many startups it’s holistic approach gave them success but as they grew those practices became unsustainable for a company that large. SF main issues where derived from its lack of a clear organizational structure, barriers in communications and lack of organizational justice. Evaluating these issues is key to creating sustainable solutions and understanding the recommendations of the consulting firm. Lack of Organizational Structure Vision, Mission and Goals Problems in the Culture: Organizational Change (acquisitions) †¢ No clear vision, mission or objectives. †¢ Ever changing competitiveShow MoreRelatedEngaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age12587 Words   |  51 Pages Philosophical approaches to the study of privacy have centered on the elucidation of the basic concept and the normative questions around whether privacy is a right, a good in itself, or an instrumental good. Economic approaches to the question have centered around the value, in economic terms, of privacy, both in its role in the information needed for efficient markets and in the value of information as a piece of property. Sociological approaches to the study of privacy have emphasized the ways

Health Promotion Study Guide free essay sample

Illness is an event that manifests itself through observable/felt changes in the body. Illness is the state in which the physical, emotional, social, intellectual or spiritual functioning is diminished or impaired compared with previous experience. It is NOT synonymous with disease and may or may not be related to disease. Illness is highly subjective. Wellness is the state of being healthy in both body and mind as the result of deliberate effort. Wellness is the state of well-being. It is an approach to healthcare that emphasizes preventing illness and prolonging life as opposed to emphasizing treating diseases. Anspaugh et al propose 7 components of wellness: 1) Physical 2) Social 3) Emotional 4) Intellectual 5) Spiritual 6) Occupational and 7) Environmental. Well-being/Wellness is a subjective perception of vitality and feeling well which can be described objectively, experienced, and measured and can be plotted on a continuum. Dunn’s concept of high level wellness theorizes that wellness is the degree of illness/health modified by the environment. We will write a custom essay sample on Health Promotion Study Guide or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It says that it is an integrated method of functioning that is oriented towards maximizing the potential of which the person is capable. It requires that the individual maintain a continuum of balance and purposeful direction within the environment where he is functioning. The patient’s perception of health, wellness and illness must be considered by the nurse in order to provide individualized, quality care. Lifestyle factors that influence health: (PP Health Promotion and Disease Prevention) Internal and external factors influence health status. Internal factors include Age, Genetics, Physiologic, Lifestyle, Health habits (smoking, drugs, alcohol, eating habits, exercise and stress). External factors include: Environment (radiation, air pollution, H20 and sun exposure), Safety (seatbelts, riding on motorcycle), and Standard of living (less educated the poorer the health). How to take a patient’s temperature using different routes: (Lab Kozier PP. 532-537) There are a number of body sites for measuring body temperature. The most common are oral, rectal, axillary, tympanic and temporal artery. Normal adult temperature is 37 degree C and 98. 6 degree F. In older adults ( gt; 70), temp is usually 36 degrees C or 96. 8 degrees F. Newborns- 1 yr old are usually 98. 2 degree F and 36. 8 degree C. Oral: Most common route. Place thermometer underneath the tongue on either side of the frenulum. Do NOT take in someone with mouth lesions or if patient has had oral surgery. Be sure to ask if patient has had anything cold/hot to drink in last 30 minutes. Rectal: Most accurate route. Place Pt. in lateral or Sim’s position. Apply gloves and instruct patient to take a slow deep breath during insertion. Insert 1. 5 inches in adults. Do NOT take in Pt that has had rectal surgery, has lower GI problems, is immuno-suppressed, has a clotting disorder or Pt that has hemorrhoids. In some agencies taking rectal temps is contraindicated in patients who have had an MI. It is believed that this can stimulate the Vagus nerve which can cause myocardial damage. Tympanic: Temps measured in this site are usually 1. 1-1. 5 degrees higher than oral. These are non invasive and quick. To measure temp, pull pinna slightly upward and back( adults) and point the probe slightly anteriorly, toward eardrum. Insert the probe slowly using a circular motion until snug. Axillary: The least accurate route but safest route. Dry arm pit if moist. Place thermometer bulb in center of axilla. In order to obtain a more accurate reading it must be left in place for a long time. Temporal Artery: Safe, noninvasive and very fast. Equipment slightly more expensive, as it is a scanning infrared thermometer. The probe is placed in the middle of the forehead then drawn laterally to the hairline. If Pt has perspiration on forehead the probe is also touched behind earlobe. Levels of preventive health care: Three levels of preventative care are: Primary focuses on health promotion and protection against specific health problems or health risks. Primary prevention precedes disease or dysfunction and is applied to generally healthy individuals or groups. Examples include: Immunizations; risk assessments for specific disease i. e. iabetes; health education about injury and poisoning prevention. Secondary- focuses on early identification of health problems and prompt intervention to alleviate health problems. Goal is to identify people in early stages of disease process and to limit future disability. It is curative in nature. It emphasizes health maintenance for people with health problems (i. e. someone with diabetes who has it under control). This level includes prevention of complications and disabilities. Examples include: Encouraging regular medical/ dental checkups; Teaching self exam of breast; screening surveys hypertension). Tertiary- focuses on restoration and rehabilitation with the goal of returning the person to optimal level of functioning, within the constraints of the disability. This level of prevention occurs after an illness, when a defect is stabilized or fixed and determined to be irreversible. Examples include: caring for someone with a chronic disease; referring patient with colostomy to support group; teaching patient with diabetes to identify and prevent complications ( heart disease); referring patient with spinal cord injury to a rehab to receive training to maximize his remaining abilities. Understand who the older adult is and physiological/psychological changes: Successful psychological aging is reflected in the older person’s ability to adapt to physical, social, and emotional losses and to achieve contentment, serenity, and life considerations. The older adult continues to learn and problems solve and intelligence and personality remain as they have always been. A person’s social ability does not change during the course of their life: if you were a young extrovert/introvert you will be an old extrovert/introvert. Wisdom increases as we age. As a person becomes older they go through physiological and psychosocial changes. Some physical changes are visible and some are not. In general lean body mass decreases, fat tissue increases, and bone mass decreases. Intracellular fluid decreases which can cause dehydration. Skin becomes drier and less elastic and they become more susceptible to skin tears. Bony prominences may become visible. There is a loss of overall stature and osteoporosis can occur in people who have insufficient intake of calcium and in women who have been through menopause. There is a steady decrease in muscle fibers. Reaction time slows. There is loss of visual acuity and progressive loss of hearing and reduced elasticity and increased rigidity of arteries and an increase in blood pressure. Orthostatic hypotension is common. GI changes include increase in indigestion and constipation. There is increase in frequency and urgency of urination and incontinence in many older adults. Decreased immune response and lowered resistance to infection is normal. Many older people have decreased thyroid function and increased insulin resistance. Respiratory efficiency is reduced with age. Older adults may experience many health problems including physical injuries and chronic disabling disease, and dementia. Psychologically people have much to adapt to as they become older. Some of these things are 1) Retirement – this is often a difficult time of adjustment for people. Many have a sense of self worth from working and lose a sense of identity when they stop working. Income decreases sometimes by 35% during this time. 2) Economic Change- Decrease in finances related to retirement and lack of pension plans/savings. Health care costs skyrocket because of increase in illnesses. This decrease in monetary resources can cause older people to become less independent. This causes them to lose self esteem and become depressed. 3) Grand-parenting: At this time in life older people become grandparents and are able to provide support to younger family members in a number of ways. 4) Relocating- many people move closer to their children for general support and supervision. This is a very big stressor. Older adults can either live with their children; live in assisted living, live at home with adult day care, live in a long term care facility or in private group homes. ) Maintaining Independence and Self Esteem- This is a big one. Elders thrive on independence and it is important for them to be able to maintain their self esteem. The more they can do for themselves the better. 5) Facing Death and Grieving as people age the chance of their spouse dying increases. Friends and family members die and this is a period of adjustment and grieving. The older person has feeli ngs of loss, emptiness and loneliness during this time. According to Erickson the developmental task at this time is ego vs. despair. People who attain ego integrity view life with a sense of wholeness and derive satisfaction from past accomplishments. This is the time of life where many older people start focusing on their faith and spirituality. Most people start an internal life review and seriously start thinking about their own imminent death. Caregiver Role Strain†¦what is it? What nursing interventions would the nurse provide? (P. 137) Caregiver role strain is when they have physical, emotional, social, and financial burdens that can seriously jeopardize their own health and well-being. Nursing intervention would be to encourage caregivers to express their feelings and at the same time convey understanding about the difficulties associated with caregiving and acknowledge the caregivers competence. Through conversation with the caregiver assess areas where assistance may be desired or need. Identify possible source of help. Like volunteer (family, neighbor, friends, church, caregiver support groups) or agency sources (home health aide, meals on wheels, day care, transportation, and counseling and social services. Remind the caregiver of the importance of caring for themselves. Know about these nursing diagnoses: Coping Ineffective, Fear, Anxiety (PP. 1069-1070) NANDA diagnostic labels related to stress, adaptation, and coping: Anxiety: Vague, uneasy feeling of discomfort or dread accompanied by an automatic response (the source often nonspecific or unknown to the individual); a feeling of apprehension caused by the anticipation of danger. It is an alerting signal that warns of impending danger and enables the individual to take measures to deal with a threat. Fear: response to perceived threat is consciously recognized as a danger. Ineffective Coping: Inability to from a valid appraisal of the stressors, inadequate choices of practiced responses, and/or inability to use resources. Terms associated with assessment of pulse (CHP 29, PP. 538-540) Assessment of pulse: Terms Locations: Temporal, carotid, apical, brachial, radial, femoral, popliteal, posterior tibial, pedal (dorsalis pedis) Pulse: wave of blood created by contraction of the left ventricle of the heart. Cardiac output: volume of blood pumped into the arteries by the heart and equals Stroke Volume (SV) X Heart Rate (HR) per minute. Compliance: ability of the arteries to expand Peripheral pulse: pulse located away from the heart Apical Pulse: central pulse; apex of the heart (PMI) point of maximal impulse Palpation: feeling Auscultation: hearing DUS: Doppler ultrasound stethoscope Tachycardia: excessively fast heart rate ( over 100 BPM in an adult). Bradychardia: A heart rate less than 60 BPM in an adult. Pulse rhythm: pattern of the beats and the intervals between beats. Dysrhythmia/arrythmia: irregular rhythm. Pulse volume: pulse strength or amplitude, refers to the force of the blood with each beat. Elasticity of the arterial wall: reflects its expansibility or its deformities. Perfusion: blood flow to a particular area of the body Understand different tools for therapeutic communication: (P. 469-470 box 26-2) Broad opening statement General leads Reflecting/paraphrasing Sharing observations Acknowledging feelings Silence Giving information Clarifying Implied verbal communication Summarizing Focusing (from power point #18 in communication) further information can be found on pg. 469 and 470 box 26-2 Different domains of learning: cognitive, affective, psychomotor: (P. 89) Cognitive domain the â€Å"thinking† domain, includes six intellectual abilities and thinking processes beginning with knowing, comprehending, and applying to analysis, synthesis, and evaluation. Affective domain the â€Å"feeling† domain is divided into categories that specify the degree of a â€Å"person’s depth of emotional response to tasks†. Psychomotor domain the â€Å"skil l† domain, includes motor skills such as giving an injection. Know normal vital signs for the adult and older adult. Average range for adults: (P. 529) 96. 8-100. 4. Older adults (gt;75) are at risk for hypothermia ( temperatures

Inflation Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Inflation Persuasive Essay Over the last century many countries throughout the world have experiencedinflation as their major economic problem. Expensive wars have traditionally beenrecognized as the sources of inflation. Governments, in effort to squeeze more productionout of an economy, have often resorted to printing or releasing more money to finance thepurchase of arms and soldiers1. In an economy already producing at full capacity, theissuing of additional money serves to bid up the prices of the output of the economy,resulting in inflation. It was generally assumed from past experience, that once theeconomy returned to its normal state, the persistent tendency for overall prices to risewould disappear, bringing inflation rates back to normal. World War II brought thepersistent inflation that economists came to expect. In the 50s and early 60s inflationresumed to very low rates concomitant with large growth increases and lowunemployment. But, from 1967 to 1974 the rates of inflation reached alarming proportionsin many countries, such as Japan and Britain, for no apparent reason. This acceleration ininflation has forced many economists to reevaluate their views, and often align themselveswith a specific school of thought regarding the causes and cures for inflation. There are two opposite theories regarding inflation. Monetarism indicates thatinflation is due to increases in the supply of money. The classic example of thisrelationship is the inflation that followed an inflow of gold and silver into Europe, resultingfrom the Spanish conquest of the Americas. According to monetarists, the only way tocure inflation is by government action to reduce growth of the money supply. At the other end is the cost-push theory. Cost-pushers believe that the source ofinflation is the rate of wage increases. They believe that wage increases are independent ofall economic factors, and generally are determined by workers and trade unions. Morespecifically, inflation occurs when the wages demanded by trade unions and workers addup to more than the economy is capable of producing. Cost- pushers advocate limiting thepower of trade unions and using income policies to help fight off inflation. In between the cost-push and monetarism theory is Keynesianism. Keynesiansrecognize the importance of both the money supply and wage rates in determininginflation. They sometimes advise using monetary and incomes policies as complimentarymeasures to reduce inflation, but most often rely on fiscal policy as the cure. Before we can understand the policies suggested by these different schools ofthought, we must look at the historical development of our understanding of inflation. For approximately 200 years before John Maynard Keynes wrote the GeneralTheory of Employment, Interest , and Money, there was a broad agreement amongeconomists as to the sources of inflationary pressure, known as the quantity theory ofmoney2. The Quantity theory of money is easily understood through fishers equationMV=PY( money supply times velocity of circulation of money equals pricetimes real income)Quantity theorists believe that over an extended period of time the size of M, themoney supply, cannot affect the overall economic output, Y. They also assume that for allpractical purposes V was constant because short term variations in the circulations ofmoney are short lived, and long term changes in the velocity of circulation are so small asto be inconsequential . Lastly, this theory rests on the belief that the supply of money is inno way determined by the economic output or the demand for money itself.The central prediction that can now be made is that changes in the money supplywill lead to equiproportionate changes in prices. If the money supply goes up thenindividuals initially find themselves with more money. Normally individuals will tend tospend most of their excess money. .u983a0b1eb9101a9747477c0bf3442982 , .u983a0b1eb9101a9747477c0bf3442982 .postImageUrl , .u983a0b1eb9101a9747477c0bf3442982 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u983a0b1eb9101a9747477c0bf3442982 , .u983a0b1eb9101a9747477c0bf3442982:hover , .u983a0b1eb9101a9747477c0bf3442982:visited , .u983a0b1eb9101a9747477c0bf3442982:active { border:0!important; } .u983a0b1eb9101a9747477c0bf3442982 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u983a0b1eb9101a9747477c0bf3442982 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u983a0b1eb9101a9747477c0bf3442982:active , .u983a0b1eb9101a9747477c0bf3442982:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u983a0b1eb9101a9747477c0bf3442982 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u983a0b1eb9101a9747477c0bf3442982 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u983a0b1eb9101a9747477c0bf3442982 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u983a0b1eb9101a9747477c0bf3442982 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u983a0b1eb9101a9747477c0bf3442982:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u983a0b1eb9101a9747477c0bf3442982 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u983a0b1eb9101a9747477c0bf3442982 .u983a0b1eb9101a9747477c0bf3442982-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u983a0b1eb9101a9747477c0bf3442982:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Procrastination: Should I Do it now, or wait till Essay The attempt of people to buy more than they normallydo must result in the bidding up of prices because of the competitive nature of the market,inflation. Also essential to the quantity theory is the belief that in a competitive market,where wages and prices are free to fluctuate, there would be an automatic tendency forthe market to correct itself and full employment to be established. In figure 1, w stands for the real wage rate (the amount of goods and services thatan individuals money income can buy), L d for the demand for labor and L s for the supplyfor labor. Suppose now that the economic system inherited a real wage rate w 1, Thesupply of