Essay The Kite Runner and To Kill a Mockingbird Comparison

In both The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini and To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee, literacy and education play a key role. The education of a man gives him power, and can determine his stature or influence in the community. Literacy gives a man an insight to knowledge that can be important. By developing characters with different levels of education, Khaled Hosseini and Harper Lee develop and strengthen the idea that literacy and education are dangerous tools, and can make the difference between life and death. Khaled Hosseini and Harper Lee depict literacy as both helpful and harmful. They also show how being uneducated leads to being taken advantage of. Using these ideas they strengthen the idea of educating and literacy being†¦show more content†¦One time, I took on the whole class and won. I told Baba about it later that night, but he just nodded, muttered, ‘Good’† (19). Though his reading makes him feel special, and causes his friends and Hassan to look up to him, it is still frowned upon by Baba, who would rather Amir be more adventurous, and pursue something more worthwhile than reading and writing. Khaled Hosseini does not only show the importance of literacy by explain the benefits that come with it, but also by showing what happens to those who are illiterate, like Hassan. Hassan’s illiteracy allows him to be taken advantage of, and Amir sees this at times. Once, when Amir is reading to Hassan and Hassan asks the meaning of the word â€Å"Imbecile†, Amir responds by saying â€Å"Let’s see. ‘Imbecile.’ It means smart, intelligent. I’ll use it in a sentence for you. ‘When it comes to words, Hassan is an imbecile’† (29). Though only a small example, this quote shows how Hassans inability to read gives other people power over him, Amir explores this more when he begins writing his first s tories, and reads them to Hassan in place of the other stories. Amir will later feel guilty about pulling pranks over Hassan, but never goes back to apologize. Reading becomes part of what Amir sees as the border between Pashtuns and Hazaras, because all of the Pashtuns he knows can read, and all of the Hazaras he knows cannot. Hosseini paints the picture that literacy is only good, and without it, Hazaras and other people like HassanShow MoreRelatedLiterary Criticism : The Free Encyclopedia 7351 Words   |  30 PagesTreader (for plot character Eustace Scrubb) by C. S. Lewis (1952) Invisible Man by Ralph Ellison (1952) In the Castle of My Skin, by George Lamming (1953)[31] Goodbye, Columbus, by Philip Roth (1959)[32] A Separate Peace, by John Knowles (1959) To Kill a Mockingbird, by Harper Lee (1960)[30] Dune, by Frank Herbert (1965)[33] The Outsiders, by S. E. Hinton (1967)[34] A Wizard of Earthsea, by Ursula K. Le Guin (1968)[35] I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings, by Maya Angelou (1969) Bless Me, Ultima, by Rudolfo

The Effects Of Divorce On Children And Adolescents

Defining the Issue Throughout this paper, the impact of divorce as it relates to delinquency among children and adolescents will be discussed at length. From the judicial perspective, divorce is the legal dissolving of a relationship, and the removal of one parent from another (Dhungana Sainju, 2016). Divorce not only effects the parents and the children, but has the ability to effect the criminal justice system as well (Dhungana Sainju, 2016). The high number of divorced families over the past decade or so has increased concern regarding the effect of divorce on children in relation to delinquency (Malete, 2007). When defining the issue of divorce as it relates to delinquency, studies have found that parental divorce is a consistent predictor of delinquency during childhood as well as adolescence (Dhungana Sainju, 2016). Studies have also shown that children from intact families have lower rates of delinquency than children from broken homes (Dhungana Sainju, 2016). There are four crucial family factors that influence delinquency among children (Dhungana Sainju, 2016). These family factors include; post divorce marital conflict, maternal distress, economic hardship and parent-child relationships (Dhungana Sainju, 2016). Undoubtably, the conflict between two divorced parents will increase after the divorce takes place. This increased conflict may lead to the inability of both parents to respond to the children s emotional needs (DhunganaShow MoreRelatedthe effects of divorce on children and adolescents Essay example1035 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The effects of Divorce on Children and adolescents Divorce or the parent separation is a major life change for the children and can lead to dreadful consequences. Divorce affects children and adolescents negatively, from different aspects resulting from the change in their family and the multiple stressors that they are facing. The Psychological, educational, emotional and social effects of divorce can be really devastating for both parent and children. Children andRead MoreThe Effects Of Divorce On Adolescent Development Essay1582 Words   |  7 Pagesof marriage by court called divorce. According to Pickhard (2009) many statistics suggest around 50% of first marriages divorce. Divorce can have tremendous impacting effects on those experiencing it. Not only does divorce effect parents, but it furthermore impacts adolescents as well. Adolescents may sometimes have a hard time dealing with the separation of their parents as they are going through crucial life changes as well. It is a key concern of the influence divorce has on adolescent’s developmentRead MoreLiterature Review On Divorce1010 Words   |  5 PagesREVIEW: Divorce is an event that can change the lives of all members involved. It is, most times, a series of negative events that eventually lead to the separation. 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The Stupidest Angel Chapter 18 Free Essays

string(68) " just to one boy, but I memorized that speech, so I like to use it\." Chapter 18 YOUR PUNY WORM GOD WEAPONS ARE USELESS AGAINST MY SUPERIOR CHRISTMAS KUNG FU Molly slipped out the back door of the cabin and around the outside wall until she could see the tall figure standing before her picture window. The fallen wires had stopped sparking out by the street and the stars and moon barely cut through the darkness at all. Strangely enough, she could clearly see the man by her front window because there was a faint glow shining around him. We will write a custom essay sample on The Stupidest Angel Chapter 18 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Radioactive, Molly thought. He wore the long black duster favored by sand pirates. Why, though, would a desert marauder be out in a rainstorm? She assumed the Hasso No Kamae stance, back straight, the sword held high and tilted back over her right shoulder, the sword guard at mouth level, her left foot forward. She was three steps from delivering a deathblow to the intruder. The sword balanced perfectly in her grip, so perfectly that it seemed to weigh nothing at all. She could feel the wet pine needles under her bare feet and wished that she’d put on shoes before dashing out into the night. The cold rain against her bare skin made her think that maybe a sweater would have been a good idea as well. The glowing man looked toward the opposite corner of the cabin and Molly made her move. Three soft steps and she stood behind him; the edge of her blade lay across the side of his neck. A quick pull and she would cut him to his vertebrae. â€Å"Move and die,† Molly said. â€Å"Nuh-uh,† said the glowing man. The tip of Molly’s sword extended a foot beyond the stranger’s face. He looked at the blade. â€Å"I like your sword. Want to see mine?† â€Å"You move, you die,† Molly said, thinking that it wasn’t the sort of thing you should have to repeat. â€Å"Who are you?† â€Å"I’m Raziel,† said Raziel. â€Å"It’s not the sword of the Lord, or anything. Not for destroying cities, just for fighting one or two enemies at a time, or slicing cold cuts. Do you like salami?† Molly didn’t quite know how to proceed. This glowing sand pirate seemed perfectly unafraid, perfectly unconcerned, in fact, that she was holding a razor-sharp blade against his carotid artery. â€Å"Why are you looking in my window in the middle of the night?† â€Å"Because I can’t see through the wooden part.† Molly snapped her wrists back and smacked Raziel in the side of the head with the flat of her blade. â€Å"Ouch.† â€Å"Who are you and why are you here?† Molly said. She snapped her blade back to threaten another smack, and in that instant Raziel stepped away from her, spun, and drew a sword from the middle of his back. Molly hesitated, just a second, then approached and snapped her blade down, this time in a real attack aimed at his shoulder. Raziel parried the blow and riposted. Molly swept his blade aside and came around with her blade for a cut to the left arm. Raziel got his sword around just in time to deflect her blade down his arm instead of across it. The razor-sharp tashi took a long swath of fabric from his coat, as well as a thin slice of flesh down his forearm. â€Å"Hey,† he said, looking at his now-flapping sleeve. There was no blood. Just a dark stripe where the flesh was gone. He started hacking, his sword describing an infinity pattern in the air before him as he drove Molly back through the pine forest toward the road. She quickstepped back, parrying some blows, dodging others, stepping around trees, kicking up wet pine straw as she moved. She could only see her glowing attacker, his sword shining now as well, the darkness around her so complete that she moved only by memory and feel. As she deflected one of the blows, her heel caught on a root and she lost her balance. She started to go over backward and spun as if to catch herself. Raziel’s momentum carried him forward, his sword swinging for a target that a second before had been two feet higher, and he ran right onto Molly’s blade. She was bent over forward; the blade extended back across her rib cage and through Raziel, extending another two feet out his back. They were frozen there for a moment – him bent over h er back, stuck together with her sword – like two dogs who needed a bucket of water thrown on them. From a crouch, Molly yanked the blade out, then spun, ready to deliver a coup de grace that would cut her enemy from collarbone to hip. â€Å"Ouch,† said Raziel, looking at the hole in his solar plexus. He threw his sword on the ground and prodded the wound with his fingers. â€Å"Ouch,† he said again, looking up at Molly. â€Å"You don’t thrust with that kind of sword. You’re not supposed to thrust with that kind of sword. No fair.† â€Å"You’re supposed to die now,† Molly said. â€Å"Nuh-uh,† said Raziel. â€Å"You can’t say nuh-uh to death. That’s sloppy debating.† â€Å"You poked me with your sword, and cut my coat.† He held up his damaged arm. â€Å"Well, you came creeping around here in the middle of the night looking in my windows, and you pulled a sword on me.† â€Å"I was just showing it to you. I don’t even like it. I want to get web slingers for my next mission.† â€Å"Mission? What mission? Did Nigoth send you? He is no longer my higher power, by the way. This is not the kind of support I need.† â€Å"Fear not,† said Raziel, â€Å"for I am a messenger of the Lord, come to bring a miracle for the Nativity.† â€Å"You’re what?† â€Å"Fear not!† â€Å"I’m not afraid, you nitwit, I just kicked your ass. Are you telling me you’re an angel?† â€Å"Come to bring Christmas joy to the child.† â€Å"You’re a Christmas angel?† â€Å"I bring tidings of great joy, which shall be to all men. Well, not really. This time it’s just to one boy, but I memorized that speech, so I like to use it. You read "The Stupidest Angel Chapter 18" in category "Essay examples"† Molly let her guard down, the tip of her sword pointed at the ground now. â€Å"So the glowing stuff on you?† â€Å"Glory of the Lord,† said the angel. â€Å"Oh piss,† said Molly. She slapped herself in the forehead. â€Å"And I killed you.† â€Å"Nuh-uh.† â€Å"Don’t start with the nuh-uh again. Should I call an ambulance or a priest or something?† â€Å"I’m healing.† He held up his forearm and Molly watched as the faintly glowing skin expanded to cover the wound. â€Å"Why in the hell are you here?† â€Å"I have a mission –  » â€Å"Not here on Earth, here at my house.† â€Å"We’re attracted to lunatics.† Molly’s first instinct was to take his head, but on second thought, she was standing in the middle of a pine forest, in freezing rain and gale-force winds, naked, holding a sword, and talking to an angel, so he wasn’t exactly announcing the Advent. She was a lunatic. â€Å"You want to come inside?† she said. â€Å"Do you have hot chocolate?† â€Å"With minimarshmallows,† said the Warrior Babe. â€Å"Blessed are the minimarshmallows,† the angel said, swooning a little. â€Å"Come on, then,† Molly said as she walked away muttering, â€Å"I can’t believe I killed a Christmas angel.† â€Å"Yep, you screwed the pooch on this one,† said the Narrator. â€Å"Nuh-uh,† said the angel. â€Å"Get that piano against the door!† Theo yelled. The bolts on the front door had completely splintered away, and the Masonite buffet table was flexing under the blows of whatever the undead were using for a battering ram. The entire chapel shook with each impact. Robert and Jenny Masterson, who owned Brine’s Bait, Tackle, and Fine Wines, started rolling the upright piano from its spot by the Christmas tree. Both had been through some harrowing moments in Pine Cove’s history, and they tended to keep their heads in an emergency. â€Å"Anyone know how to lock these casters?† Robert called. â€Å"We’ll need to brace it just the same,† Theo said. He turned to Ben Miller and Nacho Nunez, who seemed to have teamed up for the battle. â€Å"You guys look for more heavy stuff to brace the door.† â€Å"Where did they get a battering ram?† Tucker Case asked. He was examining the big rubber coasters on the piano, trying to figure out how to lock them. â€Å"Half the forest has blown down tonight,† said Lena. â€Å"Monterey pines don’t have a taproot. They probably just found one that they could lift.† â€Å"Turn it on its back,† Tuck said. â€Å"Brace it against the table.† The ram hit the doors and they popped open six inches. The table hooked under the heavy brass handles was bending and beginning to split. Three arms came through the opening, half a face, the eye drooling out of a rotted socket. â€Å"Push!† Tuck screamed. They ran the piano up against the braced table, slamming the doors on the protruding limbs. The battering ram hit again, popping the doors open, driving the men back, and rattling their teeth. The undead arms pulled back from the gap. Tuck and Robert shoved the piano against the door and it shut again. Jenny Masterson threw her back against the piano and looked back at the onlookers, twenty or so people who seemed too stunned or too scared to move. â€Å"Don’t just stand there, you useless fucks! Help us brace this. If they get in, they’re going to eat your brains, too.† Five men pointed flashlights at each other in a â€Å"Me? You? Us?† inspection, then shrugged and ran to help push the piano. â€Å"Nice pep talk,† said Tuck, his sneakers squeaking on the pine floor as he pushed. â€Å"Thanks, I’m good with the public,† Jenny said. â€Å"Waitress for twenty years.† â€Å"Oh yeah, you waited on us at H.P.’s. Lena, it’s our waitress from the other night.† â€Å"Nice to see you again, Jenny,† said Lena, just as the battering ram hit the door again, knocking her to the floor. â€Å"I haven’t seen you at yoga class†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Clear the way, clear the way, clear the way!† called Theo. He and Nacho Nuà ±ez were coming across the floor from the back room carrying an eight-foot-long oak pew. Behind them, Ben Miller was wrestling a pew across the floor by himself. Several of the men who were holding the barricade broke ranks to help him. â€Å"Cantilever these against the piano and nail them to the floor,† Theo said. The heavy benches went up on a diagonal against the back of the piano and Nacho Nuà ±ez toenailed them to the floor. The benches flexed a little with each blow of the battering ram, but they held fast. After a few seconds, the pounding stopped. Again, there was only the noise of the wind and the rain. Everyone played flashlights around the room, waiting for whatever would come next. Then they heard Dale Pearson’s voice at the side of the chapel. â€Å"This way. Bring it this way.† â€Å"Back door,† someone shouted. â€Å"They’re carrying it around to the back door.† â€Å"More pews,† Theo yelled. â€Å"Nail them up in the back. Hurry, that door’s not as heavy as the front, it won’t take two hits like that.† â€Å"Can’t they just come through one of the walls?† asked Val Riordan, who was trying to join in the effort to hold the line, despite the handicap of her five-hundred-dollar shoes. â€Å"I’m hoping that won’t occur to them,† Theo said. Supervising the undead was worse than dealing with a construction crew full of drunks and cokeheads. At least his living crews had all of their limbs and most of their physical coordination. This bunch was pretty floppy. Twenty of the undead were hefting a broken pine-tree trunk a foot thick and as long as a car. â€Å"Move the goddamn tree,† Dale growled. â€Å"What am I paying you for?† â€Å"Is he paying us?† asked Marty in the Morning, who was hefting at midtree, on a jagged, broken branch. â€Å"Are we getting paid?† â€Å"I can’t believe you ate all the brains,† Warren Talbot, the dead painter, said. â€Å"That was supposed to be for everyone.† â€Å"Would you shut the fuck up and get the tree around to the back door,† Dale yelled, waving his snub-nose revolver. â€Å"The gunpowder gave them a nice peppery flavor,† Marty said. â€Å"Don’t rub it in,† said Bess Leander. â€Å"I’m so hungry.† â€Å"There will be enough for everyone once we get inside,† said Arthur Tannbeau, the citrus farmer. Dale could tell this wasn’t going to work. They were too feeble, they couldn’t get enough strength behind the battering ram. The living would be barricading the back door even now. He pulled some of the more decayed undead off the tree and pushed in those who seemed to have much of their normal strength, but they were trying to run up a narrow set of stairs carrying a thousand-pound tree trunk. Even a crew of healthy, living people wouldn’t be able to get purchase in this mud. The tree trunk hit the door with an anemic thud. The door flexed just enough to reveal that the living had reinforced it. â€Å"Forget it. Forget it,† said Dale. â€Å"There are other ways we can get to them. Fan out in the parking lot and start looking for keys in the ignition of people’s cars.† â€Å"Drive-thru snackage?† said Marty in the Morning. â€Å"I like it.† â€Å"Something like that,† Dale said. â€Å"Kid, you with the wax face. You’re a motorhead, can you hot-wire a car?† â€Å"Not with only one arm,† Jimmy Antalvo slurred. â€Å"That dog took my arm.† â€Å"It stopped,† Lena said. She was checking Tuck’s wounds. Blood was seeping through the bandages on his ribs. Theo turned away from the pilot and looked around the room. The emergency lighting was starting to dim already and his flashlight was panning them like he was looking for suspects. â€Å"No one left their keys in their car, did they?† There were murmurs of denial and heads shaking. Val Riordan had a perfectly painted eyebrow raised at him. There was a question there, even if it was unspoken. â€Å"Because that’s what I’d do,† Theo said. â€Å"I’d get a car up to speed and crash it right through the wall.† â€Å"That would be bad,† said Gabe. â€Å"That parking lot had two inches of water and mud the last time I saw it,† Tucker Case said. â€Å"Not every car is going to get up to speed in that.† â€Å"Look, we need to get some help,† Theo said. â€Å"Someone has to go for help.† â€Å"They won’t get ten feet,† Tuck said. â€Å"As soon as you open a door or break a window, they’ll be waiting.† â€Å"What about the roof?† said Josh Barker. â€Å"Shut up, kid,† Tuck said. â€Å"There’s no way up to the roof.† â€Å"Are we going to cut off his head now?† said Josh. â€Å"You have to sever the spinal column or they just keep coming.† â€Å"Look,† Theo said, playing his flashlight across the center of the ceiling. There was a trapdoor up there, painted over and latched, but it was definitely there. â€Å"It leads to the old bell tower,† Gabe Fenton said. â€Å"No bell, but it does open onto the roof.† Theo nodded. â€Å"From the roof someone could tell where they all were before making his move.† â€Å"That hatch is thirty feet up. There’s no way to get to it.† Suddenly the high chirp of a barking bat came from above them. A half-dozen flashlights swung around to spotlight Roberto, who was hanging upside down from the star atop the Christmas tree. â€Å"Molly’s tree,† said Lena. â€Å"It looks sturdy enough,† said Gabe Fenton. â€Å"I’ll go,† said Ben Miller. â€Å"I’m still in pretty good shape. If I have to make a run for it, I can.† â€Å"Right there, that proves it,† said Tuck, an aside to Lena. â€Å"No guy with tiny balls would volunteer for that. See how the dead lie.† â€Å"I’m driving an old Tercel,† Ben said. â€Å"I don’t think you want me trying to make a run for help in that.† â€Å"What we need is a Hummer,† said Gabe. â€Å"Yeah, or even a friendly hand job,† said Tuck. â€Å"But that’s later. For now, we need a four-wheel drive.† â€Å"You really want to try this?† Theo asked Ben. The athlete nodded. â€Å"I’ve got the best chance of getting out. Those I can’t outrun I’ll just go through.† â€Å"Okay, then,† said Theo. â€Å"Let’s get that tree over to the middle of the room.† â€Å"Not so fast,† said Tuck, patting his bandages. â€Å"I don’t care how fast Micro-nads is, Santa still has two bullets in his gun.† How to cite The Stupidest Angel Chapter 18, Essay examples

Broken Spears free essay sample

History of the Spanish defeat of Mexico and the Aztecs has always been told in the words of the Spaniards. It has often been forgotten that with only having one impression of the events that took place during this time period, we can never be certain of the entire story, or what actually took place. For this reason, Miguel Leà ³n-Portilla took it upon himself to further explore pre-Hispanic history and gain insight from the native perspective. With permission from Dr. Angel Maria Garibay K., director of the Seminary of Nahuatl Culture at the University of Mexico, Leà ³n-Portilla was able to gain access to Spanish translations of several Nahuatl texts. The aforementioned texts provided â€Å"faithful representations of the indigenous originals† for which Leà ³n-Portilla used to detail the Aztec account of the conquest of Mexico. Most history documents the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire having taken place between 1519 and 1521, but as told in Broken Spears, there is record of the Aztec’s having received a bad omen almost ten years prior to the arrival of the Spaniards. In fact there were eight bad omens detailed by the Sahagun’s informants having occurred prior to the arrival of the Spaniards. The first bad omen appeared as a blaze in the sky and remained for one full year. Referred to as â€Å"wonders† rather than omens, the Munoz Carmago and the Tlaxcala also recorded eight occurrences of bad omens in very similar detail to what was recorded by the Sahagun’s informants. The final sign detailed by each was of two-headed creatures â€Å"taken to the Black House and shown to Motecuhzoma†. The second chapters of the book, titled â€Å"First Reports of Spaniards’ Arrival†, sightings of floating mountains were reported to have been seen off of coast. Initially they thought they could be Quetzalcoatl and deities for which reason they chose to bring them gifts. It was in fact Cortez who had landed upon their shore with. Cortes was not pleased with their gifts. Cortes had the messengers chained and fired a cannon which scared the messengers causing them to faint. After having his men revive them, he said they were to fight to see who was strongest as he had heard the Mexicans were strong warriors. Despite the messengers informing Cortes that they were sent to offer him a place to rest, he demanded the messengers return in the morning to battle. The messengers then promptly returned to shore to speak with Motecuhzoma. Motecuhzoma was  shocked by what the messengers had to report. He attempted to scare the Spaniards away with his magicians and warlocks, but was not successful. As detailed in the Codex Florentino, Motecuhzoma was quite fearful of the Spaniards after the failed attempt of the magicians and warlocks. Motecuhzoma had even pondered the thought of running away. Motecuhzoma made every effort to keep the Spaniards away, but Cortes marched inland with his men. This was said to have been the first battle between the Spaniards and the Indians. The Massacre of Cholula occurred shortly after and was of complete surprise to their people. There are two accounts of the massacre on record, one from the Sahagun’s and informants, and the other from the Tlaxcaltecas. There is chance that the Tlaxcaltecas fabricated their version of the massacre to cover-up the part they took in the massacre, but there is no certainty behind this theory. Once the massacre had ended the Spaniards continued their march toward Mexico City. When Cortes arrived in the City, he was greeted with excitement from the people. Due to the kind welcome of the Ixtlilxochitl and his brothers, Cortes chose to thank them through teachings of his religion and the â€Å"law of God† with help from his interpreter. Through these teachings Ixtlilxochitl became Christian; he as well the other princes were all baptized despite the initial objections of some of the Spaniards. Ixtlilxochitl received the name Don Hernando. Upon telling his mother, she at first had a poor reaction, but she then requested to be baptized as well and was given the name Dona Maria. With their newly strengthened forces, the Spaniards continued their march on to the Aztec capital. Motecuhzoma, who has been informed of the events that took place and the recent baptisms, discussed how to greet the Spaniards upon their arrival. After much consideration, it was decided that it would be best to greet the Spaniards as friends. The Spaniards arrived on the 8th of November in 1519. Motecuhzoma and Cortes introduced themselves to each other, and Motecuhzoma invited Cortes to the Royal House to rest. It was at this point that Motecuhzoma as well as the princes were held captive while the lords ran away abandoning them. While Motecuhzoma and princes were held captive, Cortes had his men take all items of value. They demanded they receive items such as food and water as well as other resources to take when they departed. After Cortes’ departure from the city, the Fiesta of Toxcatl took place. Cortes had been gone for twenty days when the massacre took place. The fiesta was that of most importance to the Aztec people, which is why they begged for the fiesta to take place. With the Spaniards taking part in the festivities, they danced with the Aztecs, but at one point, they blocked all exits of the building and immediately killed all of the dancers and the musicians at the festival. Upon hearing of the horrendous executions that had occurred, the Aztec people began to attack the Spaniards. They trapped them for twenty-three days and allowed no food to make it to the trapped Spaniards. Even upon Cortes’ return, the Spaniards were still held as prisoners; they attempted to scape at night when they were less likely to be seen by the Aztec’s, but were eventually spotted and killed. Ongoing killing occurred as a result of the realization of the Aztecs, that the Spaniards had no intentions of leaving their city. This sparked the beginning of a seven day battle which ended with the departure of the Spaniards and their allies. Under the assumption that the Spaniards had left for good, the Aztecs continued their fiesta. Not long after they were plagued with disease and attacked during their time of weakness by the Spaniards. Although the Aztec warriors put up a good fight, the Spaniards were just too strong of a force to fend off. After continued battle for eighty days, it was no longer just the Spaniards fighting the Aztecs; the Aztecs began to fight each other. The city had reached its end in year three, they had been defeated.

Mozarts The Magic Flute free essay sample

The Magic Flute One of the most mysterious, mystifying plays of all time, The Magic Flute by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is a fairy tale love story at first site, but in reality has much deeper themes and meanings. The Magic Flute Is largely known for Its remarkable music and hidden symbols. The number three is widely incorporated as a symbol of masculinity and wholeness of the self. According to The Two Faces of Creativity, chapter 10 of Coming to Our Senses by Morris Barman, Mozart belongs to the type II category of creativity. This category is described by creativity having been repressed, but not completely. In Mozart early years, his father ruled his musical ability and completely took over his life. However, as time went on Mozart started to take control of his life and talent and that Is when the real creativity showed. Mozart father Is represented in The Magic Flute by the character of Sarasota. We will write a custom essay sample on Mozarts The Magic Flute or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He is loved by all and on page 334 of Coming to Our Senses described as the priest of love. The Heroic Cycle is a Journey a person takes to find their inner Self and become enlightened.In order to begin the Heroic Cycle a person must have a call to adventure and must be willing to risk everything they have to enter the transcendent realms and become whole. In The Magic Flute Tomato and Pamela and Apogees and Pageant are two sets of twins who are essentially two parts of one person. In order to become that one whole person the two boys must go through rough tests and trials to become men, fulfill their purpose, and reach their other halves. The initiations are a quest of the human soul for both inner harmony and enlightenment y characters who are Joint participants In one being, one psyche or one soul. (Page 8, A Masonic Vision) These trials of Initiation are a time for Tomato and Apogees to really get to know themselves and who they really are. In The Passion of Siss and Souris, Jean Houston describes life as a series of initiations. Every step of the way you face new challenges and problems in which the accomplishments of them bring you a little bit closer to your self and the world around you than you were before. Taming and Apogees each embark on their trials with a deferent mindset. At the beginning of the play Taming was a helpless boy, pushed around by the Three Ladles.He needed help becoming more masculine. HIS Journey now Is to grow up and become a more masculine, man. Dominos journey represents the intellectual. No matter how hard it gets Taming knows that he has to man up and get through it in order to be with Panama. Apogees on the other hand, shows the emotional Journey and fighting with one self. Apogees doesnt know why he must endure these hard, hurtful tests because he hasnt connected enough with himself to understand it. At one point he Is psychological exploration of the self and the soul in order to have personal growth and enlightenment.Taming and Panama represent each others masculinity and femininity. They need ;ACH other in order to have a perfect balance of the two. Panama is Dominos muse, leading him on and being the reason for him to keep going. For the final and most difficult trial of initiation Taming and Panama must walk through the underworld, fighting off the souls of dead beings that werent strong enough to complete the Reunion. They pass through this final stage with the wholeness of being together, and Ninth the help of the magic flute. Now play your magic flute, for it will protect us on our way. The magic flute represents harmony and calm tranquil enchantment. It brings archetypes together in conjunction with one another. Often during the play En the magic flute is played, animals from the wild who in any other circumstance would be fighting and ripping each other to shreds come together peacefully being drawn in by the music being played as if in a trance. In order to find the Taming and Panama in us we must be calm and take the Journey of finding the soul.In The Passion of Isis and Souris it says on page 192 The magus is able to play upon the universe as though it were a flute. We must use the world around us to help us in our Journey and connect us to people, nature, and ourselves. Apogees and Pageant represent the child in us. When Apogees first sees Pageant as an old ugly woman, he doesnt think about what he sees on the outside and has a great time laughing and singing with her. All people need to find the Apogees in them, not Judging others by what they look like, but rather looking deeper and getting to now a persons personality instead.In order to achieve inner harmony and enlightenment we must uncover the Romano and Panama in us. We must take the Journey to find our selves and overcome all the tasks and challenges of initiation every step of the way. We must become Manhole and connect with our souls. Every person needs an equal balance of masculinity and femininity in him or her. During the processes of becoming whole, rebirth occurs. The old self dies and a new whole being is born. That new person has achieved harmony and enlightenment.

New Freedom essays

New Freedom essays After the end of the American Civil War and the failures of Reconstruction African-Americans had finally been granted the freedom of which they had long dreamed. There was great optimism and hope amongst the former slaves as they had long been ready for independence. But the euphoria was short lived as Booker T. Washington wrote, The great responsibility of being free, or having charge of themselves, of having to think and plan for themselves and their children, seemed to take possession of them (Bailey, 6). African-Americans were quick to realize that freedom was a more serious thing than they had expected to find it (Bailey, 6). Freedom had not come with instructions and most white Americans were unwilling to help ease the growing pains these new citizens were about to experience. In fact many whites would do everything they could, including murder and terrorism, to knock the African-Americans back down every time they tried to stretch their wings. From local lynchings to seg regationist rulings by the Supreme Court almost every attempt by blacks to exercise their liberty was hindered and fought. Frederick Douglass wrote since poverty has, and can have, no chance against wealth, the landless against the landowner, the ignorant against the intelligent, the freedman was powerless (Bailey, 25). With little or no help coming from white America, including the Federal government, blacks would have to develop their own communities, institutions, and strategies to help themselves. The African-American responses to their position in an oppressive white dominated society generally took one of three forms. The first form was accommodation to the white dominated systems. This view was championed by Booker T. Washington, founder of the Tuskegee Institute. Washington felt that if black Americans were too vocal or violent then the white response would be even more violent. His Tuskegee Inst...

Business Plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

Business Plan - Essay Example Such expansion will entail the setting up of a store location to offer the pretzels and its new selection not only during annual state fairs, but whole year round. Its customer will no longer have to wait during annual state fairs to avail of the pretzels and its new selection but can now go to a permanent location where they can avail of the product. Such expansion and setting up of store location however needs more capitalization. To this end, the present owner, son of the original owners Mr. and Mrs. Smith, will infuse a $ 50,000 capitalization to finance the expansion. The additional $50,000 loan with additional credit line will be used to cover the additional equipment to expand production and to cover additional overheads. To continue and expand the operation of Pretzels Galore and be able to cater to its unserved market by making Pretzels Galore available through a fixed store location creating and developing delicious, innovative, and a wider array of pretzels selection to the highest quality that will be appealing to different age groups and across different market segment and enhance the company’s market base and profitability. To become the leading provider of pretzel in the next two years through its distinct and delectable taste and by offering a wider array of Pretzels that is innovative and appealing while competitive in price. Pretzel is a unique knot like shape type of baked food made from dough and can be offered in a variety of soft and hard varieties and savory or sweet flavors. It originated from Europe and has a distinct symmetrical looped form. Pretzels Galore was a creation of Mr. and Mrs. John Smith who after years of participation in annual state fair has created a market following owing to the distinct taste and flavor of its pretzels. This was enhanced by the second generation of the Smiths who after experimenting for new flavors of the original

College needs to offer services learning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

College needs to offer services learning - Essay Example The educational value to the student is virtually nil (except that they learn that coerced voluntarism is a really bad idea).†1 Many people think service learning would be a great experience for college students in order so that they would gain college credit. However, communities do not necessarily have the money to fund service learning projects, unless they are sponsored by companies that can afford to sustain such programs and projects. It is unlikely that many organizations would be willing to freely donate of their time and resources in order to institute service learning programs for their communities, unless they could see direct benefits coming to their respective organizations. Most organizations would not be willing to donate time and money in order to see service learning projects come to light. However, advocates of service learning would argue otherwise. â€Å"Service learning provides a compelling reason to learn, teaches the skills of civic participation and develops an ethic of service and civic responsibility. Service learning increases motivation and retention of academic skills as specific learning goals are tied to community needs.†2 Also, advocates of service learning would argue that beyond empirical numbers, service learning has a beneficial effect on those who serve as well as members of a community. â€Å"Service-learning can bring learning to life for students. It can re-ignite disaffected students†¦who need skills in working together. It can bring members of the community into contact with young people, reminding both groups of the values of tolerance and understanding. Its benefits are numerous...†3 However, such a program of required service learning in college would be difficult to initiate and monitor. â€Å"Within the service-learning cycle, project monitoring is an efficient, systematic method

Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 12

Analysis - Essay Example The paper discussed a vital and challenging aspect of healthcare, by taking into account a way some of the issues related to this topic can be addressed. Moreover, it was a proof of how an initiative can change perspective on a micro level, and why not to the overall medical system. Such initiatives are welcomed, and it must be remembered that the success of the project is a factor of the implication of people involved. Nowadays, an important issue when considering cost accounting are the physical distribution activities and other marketing functions. A solution to this issue is the activity-based costing (ABC) for marketing. The main outcome of this technique is to help marketing managers in their decision making process related to profitability, pricing, and distribution areas. The most important marketing activities considered are selling, warehousing, packing and shipping, and administrative. This article provided a clear distinction on importance of marketing costs, and the ways these are assessed. Because recent years were characterized by advancement in marketing, and also on the costs related to this, I think it is necessary to consider the ABC technique in order for a manager to take the best decisions for the company he is running. In order to assess the quality of distribution channels, an ABC analysis can be used. The advantage of this technique over standard approach to channel profitability is the fact that it is estimating cost more accurately, which is very important for a company to decide where it is selling its products. However, ABC has also a main disadvantage which is related to its assumption that all costs are product-driven so it should be allocated to products. Another approach is the strategic cost management approach, which extends the assumption of ABC to consider also that costs are driven by the customers and by the distribution

Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone

Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone Title: Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone This essay explores the concepts of fantasy in Lewis Carrolls ‘Alice in Wonderland and J. K Rowlings ‘Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone. Both authors include an emphasis on the genre of contemporary and juvenile fantasy, containing a main character travelling through a magical world different from their original settings. Their adventures do not begin until either character has entered into the fantasy world. Rowlings world is set adjacent to our own, creating a world within a world; the mysterious world of magic inside the mundane world of ‘muggles. In comparison Carroll takes his heroine Alice into Wonderland, a world where logic is turned upside down. The ‘Alice in Wonderland extract is placed near the end of the novel, as Alice discovers the power and madness of the Queen, taking place after Alice has attended the Mad Hatters tea party. Characters, for example, The Mad Hatter show different attitudes throughout so the reader isnt aware of their development. This is due to the (literal and figurative) change in maturity Alice undergoes. Alice experiences an inverted hierarchy, in which animals have a measure of authority, treating Alice as an inferior. Alice discovers that animals are the subjects of an inanimate object. Inanimate objects register below animals in a social hierarchy. The Queen acts as a ruthless ruler ordering her subjects beheadings. She utilises living creatures as objects, (playing croquet using hedgehogs, and flamingos). Wonderland reverses the conventions as inanimate objects rule the land while living creatures are tools. The ‘Harry Potter extract is placed towards the climax of the novel. Within this chapter Harry is serving detention, proving him to be a human hero through his faults and more relatable to a child audience. This significant extract comes after revealing the Forbidden forests mystery as students are prohibited, but are ordered to enter it now. The fantasy elements in ‘Alice are adapted from Carrolls humour and fantasy appealing to both children and adults. It appeals to children due to the fantasy creatures, (i.e. an anthropomorphic rabbit dressed in a waist coat, and playing cards given the ability to speak). Carroll uses mockery and fantasy to appeal to children; Generally Carrolls style does not seem to follow the fantasy genre conventions consist mostly of surreal features, strangely developed fantasy aspects and childhood games. In ‘Harry Potter, Rowling uses elements from the fantasy genre, in its purest form. Rowling incorporates a balance of mythical and traditional creatures strengthening the idea of the magical and mundane worlds co-existing. Incorporating mythical creatures (i.e. three headed dog, Centaurs and Unicorns); the forest becomes more secret, continuing the mood established. References in the extract carry a sense of mystery and mythological creatures are used to complement the European and Greek mythology. The extract also contains medieval references to weaponry following the medieval reference (‘He pulled out an arrow and fitted it into the crossbow). In medieval Europe, the unicorn was often a symbol of pure and selfless womanhood. Themes are presented to the reader, allowing them to understand what is happening. ‘Alice contains themes of manners and the ability of possessing common courtesy, dating back to the nineteenth century. Children in this era were expected to act as miniature adults; this reflects Alices tone of voice. Alice is an independent girl, making her own decisions, using polite expressions (‘its no business of mine.), also maintaining good manners. This indicates her social status, and ability to identify people within her social class and lower. Alice demonstrates a previously unseen courage. She talks to the Queen with great insolence, attacking the illusion of Wonderlands power. Themes within ‘Harry Potter tie in with the novel. Rowling presents a Hogwarts system of detention, (a form of punishment). Loyalty and friendship, (in spite of their circumstances) are shown. Firenze allows Harry to ride upon his back, showing disloyalty to fellow centaurs, however presenting himself as loyal to Harry. Rowling uses a theme of impassivity, when Harry is presented with a ‘hooded figure, through his belief that he is a mere observer. The use of death connects with the issue of ‘good verses evil during Hagrids search for the unicorns killer (Theres summat in here that shouldnt be), and the anonymity of the ‘hooded figure. The spectacle of the dying unicorn is shocking because it is the first death the reader actually witness, but also because the unicorn is a symbol of innocence and purity (‘Always the innocent are the first victims). Death is shown to be something wrongful and horrid whileevil is presented as ruthless and unfair. Voldemor t drinks the unicorns blood to sustain his own life. Characters in ‘Harry Potter address each other through typical twentieth century styles. (‘He walked forward and shook the centaurs hand). However the centaurs speech is formal, using old-fashioned language (‘Good evening to you, Hagrid), giving the impression of wisdom, linked with the mythical theme. The formality of Banes greeting is reinforced by the conventional interrogative, (‘I hope you are well?). Rowlings use of inverted syntax reinforce the archaic formality (‘Students, are you, Always the innocent are the first victims). Rowling uses idioms in narration (Hermiones jaw dropped) and in dialogue by Hagrid (‘Harry potter an Hermione Ganger, by the way. Students up at the school), the syntax in the extract strengthens the old-fashioned language used by Ronan (‘the forest hides secrets), giving the impression of knowledge reinforced by the balancing phrases by repetition and lack of contradictions. In the extract, the narration is omnis cient, with conventions of writing in third person. Neither author makes a personal comment, remaining neutral. However Rowlings use of a second person narrative, suggests internal thoughts of Harry. However in ‘Alice, narration dominates the extract. There is little dialogue compared to ‘Harry Potter. In these description there are few adjectives used. Whereas In ‘Harry Potter dialogue is frequently used, containing less narration compared to ‘Alice. More description can be found in the narration than the dialogue. Rowlings syntax use a balance of interrogative and directive, while simple sentences (due to the direct speech), are used more often continued by complex, minor and compound structures. This follows the conventions of the genre, and the set style. The majority of syntax used by Carroll consists of complex sentences. This is a style feature continued throughout the novel. Carroll rarely uses simple sentences, contrasting to Rowling. In ‘Alice Carroll uses a clear exploration of language when influencing the mood of the extract. Carrolls use of language shows Alice to be intelligent, while the simplicity in diction show her to be a little girl. Carroll explores the issue of identity through Alices ability to reason, even though she doubts herself. Carroll does this by placing Alice in different situations, demonstrating how she learns a new manner of conversation. In ‘Harry Potter Rowling‘s uses of syntax consists of simple sentence structures due to direct speech, continued then by complex, minor and compound. Throughout extracts there is a frequent use of complex while a rare use of simple structures. In ‘Alice it is Carrolls fascination with language and logic that influence the mood of the novel. In the extract Carroll presents suspense and tension, with the Queens arrival. While in ‘Harry Potter the language creates a sinister mood, carrying suspense, which is focused on, yet left unexplained in the extract. The lexis in ‘Alice is limited, compared to ‘Harry Potter. This is because there is a lack of actions through Carrolls vocabulary limited to descriptions (i.e. ‘suddenly). Conjunctions except for ‘and are used rarely, while adverbs are used, but varied. Adjectives appear not to use vivid descriptions, only limited to ‘small or ‘large. Verbs lack variety some used to reflect Alices childish nature. In language, ‘Harry Potter there is a variety of adjectives, verbs and adverbs to reinforce the vocabulary associated closely with the characters and their traits (‘said Hermione faintly, ‘Hagrid said irritably). The way the author sets apart characters dialogue, allow the readers to recognise the characters by their speech. When making Hagrids speech characteristics, Rowling uses omissions (‘cant be too careful, Ronan), use of contradictions (‘anythin) and phonetically speech through lexis (‘yerself, ‘bin hurt bad). Adjectives are grouped together in pairs (‘long reddish tail), while the comparative adjectives are grouped together in threes (black-haired and (black) bodied and wilder-looking). The uses of verbs are associated with characters or creatures. Personification is used to discuss the Forest, (‘Forest hides many secrets) and comparisons (‘sounded like a cloak trailing along the ground). The Graphology in ‘Alice follows the established convention in earlier chapters. Semi Colons are used in complex sentences, instead of full stop, separating clauses in a list. Colons are used to introduce further clarification (‘he was in livery: otherwise). Italics are used to emphasise a specific point, (‘For instance, if you were inside.), dashes are used to indicate pauses and clarification, and to introduce free indirect speech, sometimes an authorial voice. (‘extraordinary noise going on within- a constant howling and sneezing). Exclamation marks appear in Alices speech; elsewhere in direct speech, by the playing cards (‘your business!) as an emotive function of the language spoken in direct speech, but not in narration. Graphology in ‘Harry Potter follows the conventions of the genre. Question and exclamation are used due to the tense mood Rowling places her characters in, (‘Show yerself Im armed!). Dashes indicate further explanation in the extract, introduce free direct speech and to show hesitation (‘unicorn bin injured would yeh, ‘Erm). Commas, a conventional parenthesis, are used to separate adjective pairings, clauses, and add emphasis within a sentence. Apostrophes are used to explain Hagrids speech, (containing colloquialism) and the contradictions he uses. In ‘Alice apostrophes are used in narration and speech. However Italics are used by both authors to emphasise a specific point. (‘Are there many of them in here?). Finally both authors combine traditional and cultural themes. Stylistically ‘Alice appeals more to adults, due to its density in dialogue and morals; it highlights morals and childish logic which adults find amusing. ‘Harry Potter is widely accessible to many audiences, using fantasy to capture all readers attentions. Contextual Spelling Check 5 alerts Commonly confused words OK Spelling 5 alerts Grammar 56 alerts Use of articles 2 alerts Use of conjunctions OK Use of nouns OK Incorrect use of numbers OK Incorrect use of prepositions OK Pronoun agreement 1 alert Use of adjectives and adverbs 1 alert Comparing two or more things 2 alerts Faulty parallelism 2 alerts Confusing modifiers OK Incorrect use of negatives OK Use of qualifiers and quantifiers OK Subject and verb agreement 4 alerts Verb agreement OK Verb form use OK Modal verbs OK Conditional sentences OK Other 1 alert Sentence structure 4 alerts Wordiness 6 alerts Passive voice use 33 alerts Punctuation 14 alerts Punctuation within a sentence 12 alerts Closing punctuation 1 alert Formal punctuation OK Capitalization 1 alert Style and Word Choice 16 alerts Writing style 2 alerts Vocabulary use 14 alerts WordBooster Suggestions 202 WordBooster 202

A Dad’s Guide to Bonding with a Breastfeeding Baby Essay -- parenting,

For me, becoming a dad for the first time was an amazing experience. Nine months of planning, anxiety, and excitement reached its climax during labor and delivery. The next thing I knew, I was holding a beautiful, mini human being I helped create. As I was sitting there, high on parental euphoria, I felt like there’s nothing in the world that could ruin such a perfect moment†¦ until the moment was quickly shattered by the baby’s piercing hunger cry. If a baby is breastfeeding, it will probably be mom - not dad - who will swoops in to save the day. As a new father, you may struggle to find your place in the life of your newborn if your baby is breastfeeding exclusively. Much of an infant's time is dedicated to sleeping and eating.[1] For a breastfeeding baby, it is the mother who is the primary source of nourishment. This can be a frustrating and isolating experience for dads. It can sometimes lead to the perception that fatherhood does not play a key role during the early stages of development - a perception which couldn’t be farther from the truth. There are numerous ways that men can make unique and meaningful connections with their babies. Creating a Routine Did you know that routines - especially bed time routines - can help your baby?[2][3] There are a many facets of daily care which dads can use to create opportunities for bonding. Give mom a break and establish a few things you can do with your baby regularly. Some ideas: bathing dressing diaper changes While you are doing these things, you can also talk and sing to your baby. Your child will begin to associate these activities with you. As a result, you will be identified as someone who they can look to for care and it will deepen your connection with your ... ...cialists of Indiana - ITSI Research Briefs: Effects of shared parent-infant book reading on early language acquisition, 2007 6. Skin to Skin Contact is also known as SCC. 7. Sturdy Memorial Hospital: The Comfort of Contact, 2014 8. OB.Gyn.News: Early skin-to-skin contact promotes breastfeeding, benefits baby, 2013 9. WebMD.com: Skin-to-skin care with the father after cesarean birth and its effect on newborn crying and prefeeding behavior., 2014 10. Fathers can effectively achieve heat conservation in healthy newborn infants., 1996 11. The International Childbirth Education Association (ICEA): ICEA Position Paper Skin-to-Skin Contact, 2014 12. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke: NINDS Shaken Baby Syndrome Information Page, 2014 13. Centers for Disease Control: Fathers’ Involvement With Their Children: United States, 2006–2010, 2013

Honesty Is The Best Policy

It is clear that the area of nanomedical applications and nanoparticulate pharmaceutical delivery advances will elaborate tremendously in the near future. Nanogel-drug formulations will be farther assessed in application to other drug consignment paths, such as oral, aerosolic or transdermal administration. A undertaking submission for nanogel-encapsulated NTP is aerosolic pulmonary drug consignment. In this mode of management, the fastest and most direct pharmaceutical delivery can be achieved, particularly for the treatment of lung cancerous disease and pulmonary diseases such as influenza, which are expanding worldwide.`Aerosolic drug-loaded nanogel particles can be easily administered deep into the lungs at first signals of infection. This timely remedy will save the airway epithelium from rapid degradation and development of critical secondary infections. Specific aimed at nanogels will be evolved as shortly as novel receptors and ligands are found out in the disease/virus-affec ted tissues and body parts. On the other hand, powerful metal-chelating properties of nanogels can provide added modalities in post-synthetic modifications of the carriers for diagnostic and therapeutic reason. Subsequent study will reveal the genuine potential of nanogels and nanogel formulations with nucleoside analogs in accomplishing more convoluted aims associated with methodical preclinical studies.Name of the Research Groups Contact Details Area of Research Dr Todd R. Hoare Associate Professor Department of Chemical Engineering McMaster UniversityDepartment of Chemical Engineering 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, CanadaOffice: JHE A409 email: [email  protected] Investigating nanogels which change their dimensions, their affinity with other chemicals in their environment, or their optical properties upon controlled changes to the gel environmentSiegwart Research group, The University of TexasGeneral Address 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Dallas, TX 75390-8807 Office Pho ne: 214-645-6354 [email  protected] Siegwart LabPrepartion of cationic nanogel for nucleic acid delivery. The O’Hern Group,Yale School Of Engineering and Applied ScienceDepartment of Mechanical Engineering | Yale University | P. O. Box 208286 | New Haven, CT 06520-8286 Self-assembly of protein nanogels, and the structural and mechanical properties of cells and tissues.Name of the Research Groups Contact Details Area of Research Marina Resmini’s research group Queen Mary University Of London Queen Mary University Of London Mile End Road London E14NS TEL:+ 44(0) 2078825555 Polymeric Nanogels .New Junior Research GroupFreie UniversityFreie Università ¤t Berlin Kaiserswerther Str. 16-18 14195 Berlin Germany University Telephone Exchange: + 49 / 30 / 838-1Investigates Nanogels for Cancer TherapyGeorgia institute of technology group AtlantaGeorgia Institute of Technology North Ave. Atlanta, Georgia 30332Development of drug delivery vehicles for macromolecular therapeutics

Why did the Japanese Annex Kor essays

Why did the Japanese Annex Kor essays Why did the Japanese annex Korea in 1910? The subject of Japanese-Korean relations in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century is extremely controversial and potentially volatile, evoking powerful emotional reactions in both countries today. Consequently, the reasons for Japans eventual annexation of Korea remain highly debatable, exemplified by the contention surrounding the remark made by the Japanese Prime Minister Moriyama Tomiichi suggesting that Japans annexation of Korea was based on a legally valid agreement between the two countries. Indeed, finding a degree of truth in such a subject is by no means easy and this essay will try to be aware of the potential pitfalls that pro-Korean or pro-Japanese sentiment gives to the discipline. Nevertheless, most historians are in agreement that Japans annexation was not directed at ensuring the common wealth of the two nations but rather predominantly the wealth and security of the larger power. Similarly, the annexation probably represents the culmination of an ev olution over several years where Korea was swallowed up in stages , rather than anything dramatic or unexpected. Arguably Japan never originally intended to take control of her Korean neighbours but instead reacted to changing circumstances and environments. All this will theoretically be addressed in this essay, which will hope to arouse some contention while commanding a degree of objectivity. It may be argued that the annexation of Korea by Japan in 1910 was an effect of the growing Japanese imperialism that was itself formulated as a response to the intrusion of the Western imperialists into East Asia. In the eyes of professor Eto, Meiji Japan was weak and puny compared to her European neighbours before she embarked on her colonial mission. Consequently, Japan became obsessed with finding what it called its proper place&...

How To Connect Your Favorite Tools With Zapier (Demo Video)

How To Connect Your Favorite Tools With Zapier (Demo Video) Managing a marketing team with multiple  tools is more than tough its chaos.You end up spending a majority of your day jumping from screen to screen, commenting on the same updates in a hundred different places, and wasting a huge portion of your day on mundane tasks. Remove this trouble with s new integration Zapier. How To Connect Your Favorite Tools and Automate Your Workflow With ZapierIn this demo, you will learn: Automatically sync all your productivity tools in ONE place. No more jumping from screen to screen to manage multiple applications! With Zapier, you can easily sync all your events, tasks, projects AND campaigns from other tools directly into your calendar. Eliminate mundane tasks + duplicative efforts! With the Zapier integration, you can easily set up automatic workflows that put time back on your calendar so you can focus on finishing projects that *actually* grows your business AND increases profits. Want more information? Check out Zapier With .

Principles of Information Systems in Business and Organization Essay

Principles of Information Systems in Business and Organization - Essay Example Additionally, it refers to information or knowledge that is coded. Information on the other hand, refers to the data that is accurate, timely, organized and specific. It also covers data that is presented in a form that has a meaning and relevance. Knowledge entails the understanding of the information and facts through the process of learning, experience or education. This paper aims at discussing how data, information and knowledge are applicable in the context of administrative behavior theory. Administrative behavior theory refers to the process through which individuals work in an organization. The theory, which was established by Herbert Simon, indicates that individual in high positions make decisions while those in lower position make decisions with a bit higher factual component (Levinson, 2007). Additionally, it indicates that activities can only be evaluated against the goals set. Simon covers two major concepts within the administrative behavior. The first one is the bounded rationality. This concept covers the cognitive limitations of decision makers. It also indicates that during receiving, storing and receiving information as well as in solving problems, individuals face limitations. Other issues that are covered by the bounded rationality includes recognizing the costs of processing as well as gathering information, limiting the available utility functions and possibility of having a multi-valued and a vector function. Simon second concept is satisficing. This refers to the attempts to attain at least minimum value of a certain valuable without striving to achieve the minimum value of it. During satisficing, individuals use various strategies to get the data that is applied to identify the solution that satisfies a set of constraints. For example, during optimization, if X denotes set of options, and S  Ã¢Å â€ Ã‚  X portrays the satisfying options, then an optimization

Research Designs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research Designs - Assignment Example This helps us to verify that the effects seen are actually due to the said Independent variable and not other factors. A true experimental design has all these components; and thus offers the most reliable data and analysis (Kerlinger, 1986). An example of a true experimental study would be when a new medicine is being tested, and different dosages are given to different groups to test it’s efficacy. A control group in not given the medicine, but a placebo instead. The dosage levels are varied as per to opinion of the professional researcher; and the sample chosen is such that it represents the larger population from which it comes. On the other hand, a cross-sectional design and a quasi-experimental design would not allow for manipulation of the independent variable or for the presence of a control group given the nature of the Independent variables under study (Frankfort-Nachmias & Nachmias, 2008). An example of a cross-sectional study would be a study that tried to verify the type of music preferred across different age groups. Although the experimenter can choose the range of each group; there is no ‘control group’ for this study. On the other hand, a quasi-expeimental design would be one where the efficacy of different treatment options for an illness are compared (Frankfort-Nachmias & Nachmias, 2008). The researcher cannot assign treatment options and has to collect data from participants who choose the said options. There can be a control group only if there are people who choose to abstain from treatment. The least strong type of study is one that uses a pre-experimental design (Frankfort-Nachmias & Nachmias, 2008), which only allows for comparison or observation. A typical pre-experimental design is when a group is tested for knowledge before and after a training procedure and then the two scores are compared for difference. The strength of the research design

Economic Indicators Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Economic Indicators Paper - Essay Example forms at a level below full employment then monetary and fiscal policy renders a positive impact by increasing employment rather than simply causing inflation or directing the resources towards inefficient use in order to create jobs. Th paper studies the automobile industry with the help of the six economic indicators – real GDP, Unemployment rate, Inflation rate measured by the Consumer Price Index (CPI), Auto Sales, Foreign Exchange Rate and Oil and Fuel Prices. The study focusses essentially on the inflation rate which in turn affects the other indicators as well as the industry and a whole. Real GDP: This is the measure of the total output produced during a specific time period within a certain territory. This is measured at constant prices in order to adjust for the inflation rate. This helps in estimaitng the size of the economy with ajdustment in prices and inflation rates. Unemployment rate: We consider the status of unemployment for a particular individual when he or she is eager to work but is without work. The percentage of the potential labor force who are unemployment is estimated as the unemployment rate. Unemployment is often related to the recessionary phase of an economy or a business cycle. As production falls during recession, in order to cut he cost, labour is retrenched and a sudden unemployment might arise. Inflation rate: This refers to the rate of increase in a certain price index. Usually Consumer Price Index is used to reflect inflation. This is defined as the percentage change in price. level over a certain time period. Conversely, inflation rate is also the decrease in purchasing power of money. With increase in prices purchasing power falls, money supply in the economy rises while the supply or production falls. The automobile industry played an important role in the 1920s when the US economy grew at an accelerated rate creating more and more jobs and income. In the late 1980s, with the increase in competition with the foreign

William Shakespeare Comparison 130 Essay Example for Free

William Shakespeare Comparison 130 Essay William Shakespeare entertains multiple themes throughout his sonnet collection and portays an overarching theme of love. Sir Philip Sydney’s difficulties with love are shown in his collection of sonnets â€Å"Astrophil and Stella†. Both poets discuss the complications with love and the desire it creates. For example, in sonnet 1 Sydney has trouble conveying his love but hopes that through these sonnets she (Stella) will understand. Shakespeare’s sonnet 129 as well as Sydney sonnet 109 both mention the reason for their hardships with love: what is fueling their desire. Both are struggling with lust but use different tones, ditcions and reasonings to arrive at the same point. Shakespeare’s Sonnet 129 is grouped with poems known as the â€Å"dark† woman sonnets. This set of poems are on the darker side of Shakepeares classic love sonnets. Love is overbearing and causes the speaker to do things he normally wouldn’t. He claims that anticipation of sex creates erratic human behavior. Shakespeare uses graphic imagery, â€Å"murderous, bloody, full of blame† to illustrate his frustration towards the situation (3). He blames his sexual desires and claims that they are driving him to insanity (â€Å"make†¦.taker mad† (8)). To him, lust is a sin and is the root of peoples pain. Throughout the poem the order of words tends to be reversed and repeated (â€Å"mad†, â€Å"past reason†) to deepen the impression of conflict, as in line 2: â€Å"lust in action; and till action, lust. † Despite intuition he is bound by passion and questions why he should â€Å"purs[ue]† what he knows to be worthless (â€Å"swallow’d bait†). The poem explains that sex is blissful while your’re doing it and, once you’re done, a true sorrow that it ever happened A bliss in proof, and prov’d, a very woe; Before, a joy propos’d; behind, a dream:†¦(11-12). Here he embelishes the notion that people will go to absurd lengths in the pursuit of sex but end up hating themselves for it afterwards. Sydney’s Sonnet 109 immediately identifies ‘desire’ as the antagonist of the poet. In the first line he refers to love as a trap (â€Å"snare†) for the ignorant to fall for. But Sydney has already fallen into this â€Å"love trap† and is referring to himself as the â€Å"fool† to do so. Syndey in the first few lines considers himself foolish for feeling this desire. He claims that desire leads people to act stupidly: â€Å"With scattered thought† and â€Å"causeless care†, that while trying to accomplish a foolish task he was wasting his time. All his hard work was for nothing, consuming his rationality. Sydney and Shakespeare blame themselves for their craving of love, desire. The speaker in sonnet 129 can’t help his appeal to this â€Å"dark† woman he refers. He knows it is painful to let desire go. He understands the self-hating conclusion to his lust but can’t help his actions: â€Å"Before, a joy propos’d; behind, a dream†(12). While Shakespeare anticipates sex, it seems like joy; afterward, a bad dream. Blaming his sexual attraction to others as a culpit for personal agony. Sydney describes the same struggles in his sonnet 109. To Sydney the process of falling in love is nothing but torture. His â€Å"mangled mind† knows it worthless to feel this way and, similar to Shakespeare, doesn’t â€Å"know how to kill desire†(14). Both speakers convey an ambivalent tone towards desire. In line 5 Sydney has given into desire but in line 6 knows of its uselessness â€Å"Desire! Desire! I have too dearly brought / worthelesse ware†. Similarly, in the couplet at the end of Sonnet 129 Shakespeare writes â€Å"All this the world well knows† to avoid the heavenly experience caused by desire because it â€Å"leads men to this hell† (13-14). The authors identify what the outcome of their desires will be but allow it to happen anyways. Desire turns the speakers mad. In Shakespeare’s case the desire for sex is â€Å"on purpose laid to make the taker mad†(8); He has experienced all the stages of lust and each time it has made him crazy. As for Sydney, the reference to â€Å"mangled mind† explains that he is on his way to insanity. He paid for his desire by driving â€Å"[him]self† crazy. Sydney and Shakespeare seem to not know what to do. They are confused with the aching for love they possess. And it drives the speakers, whether it be Shakespeare or Sydney, to insanity. Both poets as well express the idea elsewhere that the â€Å"dark† women and â€Å"Stella† are superior to them. They believe that they are at fault for this desire they occupy. In Sonnet 129 the poets endeavors convince him that the â€Å"dark† lady is better than he knows her to be. Similarily, Sydney makes it evident that this desire is a flaw in himself and not in the desired. In Sonnet 129 Shakespeare makes it vague to whether or not he is the speaker. Sydney seems to make it more evident by using point of view such as â€Å"I have†. Under the rubric of a single theme the reader notices as many similarites as differences. Shakespeare uses very different syntax than Sydney to express the same idea. First of all, Sonnet 129 concerns physical appetites that are blamed for fueling sexual desires. â€Å"Is lust in action; and till action, lust†(2). Sydneys sonnet 109 blames his emotional feelings his mind can’t help but feel â€Å"Within my self to seek my only hire† (13). Shakespeare uses mutiple juxtapositions such as â€Å"before†/ â€Å"behind† and â€Å"heavan†/ â€Å"hell†. The juxtapositions allowed Shakespeare to convey both sides of his suffers. The vulgar tone in sonnet 129 contributes to the speakers hatred for physical desires. That it makes people â€Å"savage, extreme, rude, cruel, not to trust;†(4). Shakespeare explains exactly what will happen when one undergoes these sexual yearnings â€Å"Past reason hunted; and no sooner had, / Past reason hated, as a swallow’d bait†(6-7) allowing no room for interpretation. Sydney, on the other hand, exlpains the pain he feels, but is not exact what will happen subsequently. He recognizes the conclusion but doesn’t know what it will fell like. Sydney understands that his desire will be worthless. Sonnet 129’s speaker has experienced desires worthlessness. He asserts that everyone knows and will finish as he did, in agony and pain: â€Å"All this the world well knows† (13). The list’s Shakespeares writes helps explain his frustration with sex and the â€Å"dark† lady. List’s solify details to pas experiences. It gives the reader more evidence to the speakers opinion. Whereas, Syndey effectivley emphasizes his point through punction and repition â€Å"Desire! , Desire! †(5). Convincing the reader of Sydneys troubles. Sydney and Shakespeare suggest that love drives them out of control but have their own view on the intensity of the stress. Some people would consider that these feelings are more than standard. Not that they are exaggerating feelings in the sonnets but drive themselves to an extreme stage of loathing. Sydney expresses a lyrical tone compared to Shakespeares disdainful tone. Syndey voices his inner feelings and reads as though he has thought a lot about his struggles. In line 8 he writes â€Å"Who shouldst my mind to higher things prepare†, and explains that his mind should concentrate on more important things than desire. The use of â€Å"my mind† suggests that Sydney is trying to convince himself to focus on more important things. This plays in directly with his lyrical tone. Shakespeare, on the other hand, is more disdainful in his writing, â€Å"Had, having, and in quest to have, extreme;†(10) and scornful towards his involvements with desire. In the end, Shakespeare in sonnet 129 and Sydney in sonnet 109 both write about their struggles with lust. Syndey composes his feelings throughout sonnet 109 while Shakespeare makes it evident of his scornful position towards desire itself.

Personal Identity and Its Effect on Pre-procedural Anxiety

Personal Identity and Its Effect on Pre-procedural Anxiety 1.0 Introduction In contemporary healthcare systems, one of the key ways of diagnosing and treating medical conditions is through invasive and minimally invasive procedures on patients. Some of these procedures are accessing the intravenuous system for treatment (venipunctures), blood collection for investigations (phlebotomy), lumbar punctures and biopsies. Regardless of age, sex or ethnicity, patients endure anxiety and pain associated with these invasive procedures (American Pain Society, 2001). In spite of minimal tissue damage in these procedures, anxiety about the procedure and associated pain, may cause considerable distress in patients. This may affect the coping mechanism, even in a well functioning individual. This has been studied by McCleane and Cooper (1990), Augustin and Haynes (1996) and Garbee (2000). A number of researches have been conducted to determine and control anxiety in patients who are subjected to such procedures. Based on these studies, patient education programs (McDonald and Green, 2002), alternative therapies (Noreed, 2000), pharmaceutical therapies (Smith and Pittaway, 2002) and musical therapies (Elliot, 2004) have been proposed to a varying extent. An important point to note is that musical therapies, education programs and patient educational programs may be time-consuming and may be of limited practicality in a busy hospital environment. On the other hand, pharmaceutical therapies may cause side-effects associated with drugs. Therefore, a simplistic approach, which could provide comfort and relieve the pre-procedural anxiety, is the need of this surgical era. No research has been found on invoking personal identity and its effect on pre-procedural anxiety. Therefore, this research aims to fulfill this gap. Hospitals and health care institutions are unpleasant environments with a general appearance of illness and death. It is an environment where one is separated by friends and family and is surrounded by strangers. A person who is being subjected to a procedure at a hospital may already contemplate on the potential illness that the person may be subjected to. This may lead to a temporary feeling of anxiety (Coyle, 1999). According to Spielberger et al (1970) anxiety is divided into two factors, state anxiety (also known as somatic anxiety) and trait anxiety. State anxiety is temporary or circumstantial arousal and trait anxiety is the permanent change of personality characteristics associated with anxiety. According to Kent (1998), state anxiety may cause physiological arousal, and activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis. This is characterized by increased pulse rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate and increase cardiac output (Bally et al, 2003). Research by Hayes et al (2003), asserts that reducing the state anxiety is important before a diagnostic procedure to promote relaxation and to prevent possible complications; such as procedure becoming more painful, difficult, prolonged and increased probability of after effects. When a procedure becomes difficult to administer, doctors may also postpone or cancel the procedure, placing the patient at a dis advantage. Addressing patients’ emotions through an evidence-based management is important for nurses to increase the patient outcome. Psychosocial nursing interventions, emotional presence and establishment of trust between the nurses and the patient, has the potential to mitigate patient’s fear and anxiety or stress to a greater level. 1.1 Pain and Anxiety Associated with Invasive Procedures Studies have concluded that pain associated with a procedure may be severe than that actual illness that needs investigation (Finley and Scheter, 2003). The procedure itself may have an effect on the pain that is experienced by the patient, which is based on the patient’s perception, which in turn, can be influenced by factors including past experience, psychological state, hearsay knowledge and the patient’s level of understanding (Rawe et. al., 2009). According to Brennan, Carr and Cousins (2007), effects of pain can be short and long-term, which are not gender, age or ethnicity-specific. A number of studies have confirmed the psychological effects of pain, which include anxiety, anger and fear as well as physical effects, such as changes in metabolic functions, heart functions and functions related to blood (Ferrell, 2005; Gordon et al., 2005; Mertin, et.al., 2007). Most common long-term effects of pain are, insomnia and depression (Berenholtz, et. al., 2002). Several studies have noted that there is a positive relationship between anxiety and pain, in a clinical setting (Sternbach, 1968; Melzack, 1973). According to Kain et. al. (2001), severity levels of pain are directly proportionate to anxiety levels due to activities in the hippocampal network, which causes behavioural conflict in the brain. This is resolved by sending and amplification signal to the neural representation of the painful event, which causes anxiety in the pe rson. This was verified by Ploghaus et. al. (2001) using a series of event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) studies, which concluded that anxiety-induced hyperalgesia is associated with activation in the entorhinal cortex of the hippocampal formation. Van den Broek, Hejimans and Van Assen (2012) focused on the emotional distress caused by the procedure of implanting a cardioverter defibrillator (ICD), an invasive procedure, in 343 patients.. All subjects demonstrated distress through anxiety and depression immediately after the procedure as well as during follow-up timelines. 1.2 Psychological Techniques used to Reduce Pre-procedural Anxiety Healthcare personnel have discovered a number of methods to reduce anxiety of patients through psychological intervention techniques. One of the methods employed by clinical nurses is through therapeutic touch. Cox and Hayes (1997) performed a quasi-experimental study based on patients at a district General Hospital in East London, which concluded that therapeutic touch aids in reducing anxiety of the patients. Another method which has been researched is, on the effect of music as an intervention for reducing the pre-procedural anxiety in hospitalized adult patients (Gillen, Billey Allen, 2008). This was performed through Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) of 832 adult patients The researchers concluded that psychological outcomes show anxiety was reduced to a greater extent as a result of music listening interventions, demonstrated by reduction of blood pressure, respiration rate and heart rate. A study performed by Hawley (2009), explored nurse strategies which were perceived as comforting by patients. The sample size was 14 patients in the emergency department of a hospital in New York. The study concluded that positive talk, vigilance and attending to physical discomforts were among the top five factors that reduced anxiety. Hawley (2009) concluded that the study â€Å"supports the provision of comfort as an integral part of emergency nursing practice and a critical aspect of care.† A research with 580 mentally alert adults were selected for a study by Whelchel (2004) to identify the effect of caring behaviour by nurses on ED patients. At the end of the study and data analysis, the researchers reported that treating the patients like an individual, was considered to be the most important trait in reducing the anxiety of emergency room patients, followed by knowing what they were doing, being kind and considerate, treating the patient with respect, giving the patient their full attention, knowing how to administer injections and insert intravenous catheters. 1.3 Self Esteem and Anxiety From the beginnings of scientific psychology, the idea that people wish to maintain high levels of self-esteem has been a central theme in many studies (Horney, 1937; James, 1890). The idea of self-esteem generally means one’s own evaluation of him or herself. Self-esteem is also seen as a critical function for social and mental well-being of a person. Self-esteem induces and maintains personal goals and motivations and according to a study by Mann et. al. (2001), conclusive evidence exists that self-esteem leads to better mental health. Mann et.al. (2001) assert that a series of psychological problems, both internalizing and externalizing can be caused by poor self-esteem. The researchers conclude that self-esteem acts as a protective factor and is a core element in the promotion of mental health. Greenberg, Pyszczynski and Solomon (1986) argue that self-esteem provides a buffer against anxiety, focusing primarily on the fear of human beings towards mortality. Through empirical evidence, the researchers have concluded high-level of self-esteem reduces anxiety and behaviour that relates to anxiety. Three studies were conducted by Greenberg, et. al. (1992:1, 1992:2, 1993) to identify the direct evidence for the effect of self-esteem on anxiety. In the first study (Greenberg et. al., 1992:1), participants received positive and negative feedback about their personality, which was false. Then one group was shown a video which threatens of death, whereas the second group was shown a neutral video. The dependent variable in this study was state anxiety and the hypothesis was that bolstering self-esteem would reduce anxiety in response to the threat. The study concluded that participants with low self-esteem had the highest anxiety. A second study was partaken with participants being given bogus feedback on an intelligence test (Greenberg el. Al. , 1992:2). Following the feedback, participants were told that they would receive an electric shock or a neutral stimulation. The dependent variable was physiological arousal and the hypothesis was that the participants with bolstered self-esteem would experience reduced physiological arousal in anticipating electric shocks. The conclusion of the study was that neutral self-esteem-threat the participants having highest anxiety. A third study by Greenberg et. al. (1993) was with participants, who were provided with either positive or neutral feedback regarding their personality and a emotionality scale test, where the dependent variable was emotionality and the hypothesis was high self-esteem would reduce the participants’ anticipation of a short life-expectancy. The study concluded that participants with negative feedback information led to low self-esteem. Based on these studies, researchers Greenberg et. al. (1992:1, 1992:2, 1993) developed anxiety-buffer hypothesis which led to the conclusion that self-esteem provides protection against anxiety and one who has an increased self-esteem becomes less-prone to anxiety when exposed to threatening situations later. 1.4 Personal Identity and Name Personal Identity deals with oneself and issues that arise by the virtue of being an individual and it has its own attributes that make a person unique and different from the rest. Personal identity has its own properties, such as name, appearance, preferences which make a person unique. At present, an estimated 120 million babies are born on earth in a year (Deluzain, 1996). Sooner or later, they undergo the process of receiving a name. Names are part of all cultures and they are equally important to the person who receives the name as well as the society which the person lives in. The most important part of a person’s identity is the name. It is of important for the individual and the society as a whole. Inspite of its importance, not many people know or interested in knowing the effect of name on us and our children in this world although we are considered as the â€Å"consumers of names†. Researches show that one of the reasons for couples to have children is to perpetuate the family name (Arnold and Kuo, 1984; Callan and Kee, 1981; Ramu and Tavuchis, 1986). A research by Howard et. al. (1997) concluded that students felt proud when professors in their university remembered them by the name. A century ago, anthropologists identified that there has never been an ancient civilization, which did not allocate first names to people, in the recorded history. Many ancient cultures believed that not having a name is equivalent to not having an identity or honour (Frommer, 1982). At present, in most countries, parents are required to register the birth of a child through the child’s name. This is a legal requirement, which is the first time a child is given a legal identity. The birth certificate received by the parents becomes an essential document for admitting a child to school, obtaining healthcare and other basic services from the society. The existence of a name of a person is not only important to the person psychologically, but it is also of religious, social and legal importance because our identities are associated intuitively through the name. When one’s name is mispronounced, it may sound resentful to the person. Most people, especially when communicating with persons of different cultures, take extreme care to ensure the names are not mispronounced. Studies have revealed that mispronunciation of the name amounts to distortion of one’s identity (Deluzain, 1996). Freud identified the psychological effects of distortion of one’s name, deliberately or accidentally. According to Freud’s observations, people of aristocratic class, who wielded economic and political power tended to mispronounce their doctors’ names (Deluzain, 1996). The explanation for this was the aristocrats’ psychological need to show their superiority over the doctors, who wielded the power of one’s life and death. A similar event is seen in Shakespeare’s play, King John, where the character Philip Faulconbridge was found to be the illegitimate son of Richard the Lionheart, which made him King John’s half-brother. In the aftermath, King John orders Philip Faulconbridge’s name to be changed to Richard Plantagenet and deliberately refers to Philip as Peter (Shakespeare, 1623). This is a clear example of how Shakespeare presented the idea that mis-representation of a person’s name amounts to mis-representation of the person. The psychological significance of names are so high, that two separate researches have concluded that people have a strong affiliation with letters of the alphabet in their own names than ones which are not in their names (Koole, Dijksterhuis, and van Knippenberg, 2001; Nuttin, 1985; Greenwald and Banaji, 1995). The research by Greenwald and Banaji (1995) concluded that people positively associate themselves with letters in their names, as they are considered to direct reflection of the person, although there doesn’t appear to be any pragmatic reason for this association. This positive association of one’s name and even the letters of the name with oneself has a general tendency to make a person feel good (Greenwald and Banaji, 1995; Hetts and Pelham, 2001). The connection between name and identity is also emphasized by research that portrays changing of one’s name leading to changing of one’s personal identity (Lawson, 1984; Kang, 1972). In certain villages in China, men are allocated an additional name based on the social transitions, such as marriage. On the contrary, women do not receive additional names, which imply that they never attain complete personhood (Watson, 1986). A research by Howard et. al. (1997) concluded that students felt proud when professors in their university remembered them by the name. A century ago, anthropologists identified that there has never been an ancient civilization, which did not allocate first names to people, in the recorded history. Many ancient cultures believed that not having a name is equivalent to not having an identity or honour (Frommer, 1982). 1.5 Self-Esteem and Personal Identity The idea that people strive to keep a high level of motivation maintain high-level of self-esteem is widely accepted and is considered as a postulate or an accepted fact. Theories suggest that behaviours such as aggression, love, deviance and even altruism are due to ultimate belief that humans wish to be seen as valuable (Heine et al, 1999). Studies have been done only recently to determine whether this is always true and whether it is universal (Baumeister, 1998; Heine et al, 1999). However, still, a significant majority of psychological theories consider the need of humans to maintain high-levels of self-esteem as a postulate. Coyle (1999), presented a concept called personal identity threat in healthcare settings which is one of the key concepts of patient dissatisfaction in healthcare. According to Coyle’s research, people who were generally unhappy with the overall healthcare experience they receive, is mainly due to them being treated as non-persons, which is also termed dehumanization. This study asserts that the person’s name has a significant effect on one’s own identity. According to Coyle’s research (1999), people who were generally unhappy with the overall healthcare experience they receive, is mainly due to them being treated as non-persons, which is also termed dehumanization. 40 out of 41 patients interviewed by Coyle stated that they were treated as, an ‘object’ and on deep exploration, Coyle identified that the patients were referred by numbers on a file (such as patient number 49) instead of the name, which gave the patient the notion of being dehuma nized. This study asserts that the person’s name has a significant effect on one’s own identity. The above studies indicate that self-esteem is connected with personal identity, where invoking personal identity increases one’s self-esteem. One of the most key attributes of personal identity of an individual is the name. A number of studies, particularly by Greenberg et. al. (1992:1, 1992:2, 1993, 1996) concluded that self-esteem acts as an anxiety buffer. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of addressing a patient by name on pre-procedural anxiety level of in-ward patients, who are undergoing basic blood investigations in a large private hospital in Colombo. The hypothesis tested in this research was, talking to patients by addressing them by name, before an invasive procedure, reduces the pre-procedural anxiety level of hospital patients, than talking to them without referring by name or not talking to them at all.